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Ap Hug
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Spatial Approach | Considers the arrangement of the phenomena being studied across the surface of the Earth |
| Physical Geography | Study of spatial characteristics of various elements of the physical environment (Study topics such as weather and climate. ecosystems and biomes, and volcanism and erosion) |
| Human Geography | Study of spatial characteristics of humans and human activities |
| Absolute Location | Precise spot where something is according to some system |
| Latitude | Distance north or south of the equator (imaginary line circling the Earth and halfway between the North and South poles) |
| Longitude | Distance east or west of the prime meridian ( imaginary line that runs from pole to pole through Greenwich, England) (Designated as 0 degrees) |
| International Date Line | Roughly follows this line but makes deviations to accommodate international boundaries) |
| Ghost Towns | Their good relative locations lost the advantages- access to resources or trade- that they once had |
| Place | Specific human and physical characteristics of a location |
| Region | Group of places in the same area form a region |
| Site | Characteristics at the immediate location Ex: soil type, climate, labor force, and human structures |
| Situation | The location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places |
| Sense of place | Humans tend to perceive the characteristics of places in different ways based on their personal beliefs |
| Toponyms | Place names (Some provide insight to the physical location, history, or culture of the location) |
| Proximity | Indicates the degree of nearness |
| Time-space compression | Shrinking "time distance" between locations because of improved methods f transportation and communication |
| Spatial interaction | Contact, movement, and flow of things between locations |
| Friction of distance | When things are further apart they tend to be less connected |
| Distance- decay | The inverse of friction of distance |
| Density | Number of something in a specifically defined areas |
| Population density | Number of people per square mile (simple population density can be found by counting the people and dividing by the area) |
| Distribution | The way a phenomenon is spread out over an area (Some areas might have a cluster or concentration of something that is sparse in other areas) |
| Spatial Association | Matching patterns of distribution and it indicates two or more phenomena may be related or associated to each other |
| Human- environment interaction | Relationship between humans and the natural world |
| Cultural Ecology | Study of how humans adapt to the environment |
| Environmental Determinism | Belief that landforms and climate are the most powerful forces shaping human behavior and societal development |
| Possibilism | View that acknowledges limits on the effects of the natural environment and focuses more on the role that human culture plays |
| Landscape Analysis | Defining and describing landscapes |
| Field Observation | The act of physically visiting a location, place, or region and recording, firsthand, information here |
| Spatial Data | All information that can be tied to specific locations |
| Aerial Photography | Professional images captured from planes within the atmosphere |
| Built Environment | Physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape |
| Cultural Landscape | Anything built by humans |
| Spatial patterns | General arrangements of things being studied |
| Spatial processes | Repeated sequences of events, that create them |
| Cartographic scale | Refers to the way the map communicates the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents |
| Relative Scale/ Geographic scale | Refers to the amount of territory that the map represents |
| Scale of the data | What the data is measuring |
| Reference map | Designed for people to refer to for general information about places |
| Political map | A reference map that shows and labels human-created boundaries and designations Ex: countries, states, cities, and capitals |
| Physical map | A reference map that shows and labels natural features Ex: mountains, rivers, and deserts |
| Road map | A reference map that shows and labels highways, streets, and alleys |
| Plat map | A reference map that shows property lines and details of land ownership |
| Locator map | A reference map that are illustrations used in books and advertisements to show specific locations mentioned in the text |
| Thematic map | Show spatial aspects of information or of a phenomenon |
| Choropleth map | A thematic map that uses various colors, shades of one color, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data |
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Ap Hug