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Chapter 27
Book Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following were factors in starting World War I? | All of the above. Nationalism, Weakening of the Ottoman Empire Competition for resources in colonial territories to fuel ongoing technology development, Alliances and interactive military plans |
| In the early twentieth century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the | "Sick Man of Europe." |
| According to the text, why was war considered a good thing at the start of the twentieth century? | All of the above. Spread of nationalism, For the past century, most wars had been swift and ended with decisive European victories, Widespread desire for revenge for past wrongs, Eagerness to assert superiority of weapons technology |
| What turned the political assassination of Franz Ferdinand into a world-wide event involving all of the Great Powers was: | the pre-existing system of alliances triggered a chain of events beyond political control |
| What was one of the fundamental weaknesses limiting the development of military strategy in Europe? | Mobilization was dependent on railroads rather than individual motor vehicles |
| The early-twentieth-century system of alliances pitted the British, French, and Russians against the Triple Alliance of | Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary |
| Which of the European nations was least prepared to go to war? | Russia |
| Most European nations thought the war that started in 1914 would | be won by the fastest-moving army and the boldest general |
| A unique aspect of the Western Front was | the stalemate that ensued for three years along a three-hundred-mile-long line of armies from Switzerland to the North Sea |
| A new and potent defensive weapon in World War I was | the machine gun |
| The only German naval battle utilizing the expensive High Seas Fleet against the British Grand Fleet was at the | Battle of Jutland |
| The event which drew the US out of neutrality and into the war by 1917 was: | German submarines attacking merchant convoys |
| Women during World War I | joined the work force. |
| Which of the following was true of wartime food rationing after the failure of the potato crop in 1916? | The diet of the German population was limited to one thousand calories per day |
| German civilians during the war were significantly affected by: | All of the above. crop failures, British blockages of supply deliveries, a "turnip winter", rationing in favor of the military. |
| During World War I, Africa provided over a million Africans for armed services and | three times that number were drafted as porters to carry army equipment |
| What methods were used to gain support for the war effort? | All of the above. Employment of women and African Americans, Urging people to invest in the war with savings bonds, Encouraging the growth of "victory gardens", Writing poetry to instill nationalism and pride |
| During World War I, African Americans in the United States | migrated to the cities of the north in vast numbers from the rural South |
| The Ottoman Turks signed a secret alliance with | Germany, hoping to gain Russian territory |
| During the campaigns in the Caucasus and eastern Anatolia, Turkish military maneuvers deliberately caused | forced death march of hundreds of thousands of Armenians |
| Zionism was supported as an official policy by which country in the form of a declaration by the foreign secretary? | Britain |
| Britain's main concern about the Turks was | that the Turks would close off British access to the East |
| The policy decision that most affected future relations between the Jewish and Palestinian settlers was embodied in | the Balfour Declaration |
| The British tried to defeat the Ottomans by | using an Arab army led by Faisal against the Turks |
| Who was the leader of the British Zionist movement? | Chaim Weizmann |
| The Russian army during the war | was very large but poorly supplied and led |
| The February Revolution in Russia was led by | Alexander Kerensky |
| Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the | Bolsheviks |
| The October Revolution in Russia began by Lenin's forces seizing Petrograd and ended | All of the above. Bolshevik takeover of Russia and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, a revolution that resulted in the tsar being reinstated, the abolishment of the secret police called Cheka. |
| Which of the following was not included in Lenin's plan for Russia? | All of the above. Immediate surrender to Germany, Transfer of land to the peasants, Transfer of factories to the workers, A transfer of all power to the soviets |
| In the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia | lost territory, including Poland, the Baltic states, and Finland |
| The secret police force in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution was called the | Cheka |
| Which of the following were significant parts of Wilson's fourteen-point plan to end the war? | All of the above.German evacuation of occupied lands Autonomy for nationalities under Ottoman rule Inclusion of local populations to settle territorial disputes, Formation of association of nations to ensure independence, territorial integrity of states |
| Deaths in World War I numbered between million | 8 and 10 |
| The influenza epidemic of 1918-1919 | killed 20 million worldwide |
| Because of the influx of refugees after the war, which countries passed immigration laws restricting immigration? | All of the above. Canada, the United States, New Zealand, Australia |
| Which of the following were elements in the Treaty of Versailles that angered Germany? | All of the above. The infamous "guilt clause", The amount of reparations it had to pay, The loss of territory it sustained, Elimination of the German air force |
| Which of the following "smaller" delegations was given consideration in the Versailles talks? | None of these |
| Woodrow Wilson's proposal for settlement of the European affairs was based on his principle of: | self-determination |
| How did the Bolsheviks win the civil war in Russia after World War I? | Through the military leadership of Leon Trotsky and the Red Army |
| The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed in 1922 by | joining Russia and the Soviet Ukraine. |
| Lenin's New Economic Policy in 1921 | All of the above. allowed private workshops to produce goods, allowed private merchants to trade, allowed private ownership of all but the largest businesses, allowed peasants to own land |
| The Communist Party of the Soviet Union planned to pay for industrialization by | squeezing the peasants |
| What were the significant differences between contenders for control of the Communist Party after Lenin's death in 1924? | Stalin wanted to focus on communism's establishment in Russia, and he believed socialism could survive "in one country. |
| The Communist Party's long-term vision of the Soviet Union focused on creating: | a modern industrial economy without private property |
| After the crisis for leadership of the Bolshevik party, Trotsky | was expelled from the Communist party for "deviation from the party line |
| The German crisis of 1923 was marked by | Germany recklessly printing money, causing the worst inflation the world had ever seen |
| Relative calm and prosperity came to German in the mid-1920's when they did which of the following? | All of the above. joined the League of Nations, borrowed money from New York banks to stabilize their economy, began to rebuild its industries, was allowed to renegotiate its debt from the "war guilt clause" |
| In 1900, China's population was | 400 million |
| Which of the following were challenges Japan faced after World War I? | All of the above. very few natural resources and little arable land, regular typhoon, periodic earthquakes, rapidly rising population |
| The main beneficiaries of Japan's prosperity in this period were the zaibatsu, who were | large conglomerates |
| Which of the following zaibatsu was NOT one of the four which controlled most of Japan's industry and commerce? | Toyota |
| Japanese economic prosperity depended primarily on | foreign trade |
| What was the result of the Boxer Rebellion of 1900? | Western powers and Japan captured Beijing and demanded payments |
| Which of the following is an indication of China's lack of modernization? | All of the above. The classical exam system for administration, A huge population growth that was not supportable, Lack of agricultural changes, Heavy taxation |
| The leader of the Guomindang after 1925 was: | Chiang Kai-shek |
| The political orientation of the Guomindang after 1925 was | Authoritarian |
| What was the mandate system? | Colonial rulers administered former German and Ottoman territories but were held accountable to the League of Nations. |
| In 1923, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) turned Turkey into | a secular republic |
| After the Ottoman Empire collapsed following the First World War, the modern Turkish state | instituted many progressive reforms |
| Egypt in the 1920s | had "phony" independence instead of official British colonialism |
| Which of the following resulted when far more Jewish immigrants than anticipated arrived in Palestine? | All of the above. The British tried to limit Jewish immigration, Jewish settlers were smuggled in by militant Zionists, The country was torn by strikes and guerilla war, Britain was hated by both sides and much of the Arab world. |
| According to the Memorandum of the General Syrian Congress in 1919 and their classification under the mandate system, the Syrians desired to have technical and economic assistance from: | The United States |
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