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Earth Science
Freshman Earth Science Chapter 23 Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Almost all of the mass of the solar system is within the __________. | Sun |
| True or False: The farther a planet is from the sun, the shorter its period of revolution. | False |
| List the planet or planets whose orbital planes lie more than 3 degrees from the plane of the sun's equator. | Mercury |
| List the main differences between the terrestrial and Jovian planets. | Size, Chemical make-up, density, and rate of rotation |
| The ___________________ planets are relatively small and rocky. | Terrestrial |
| True or False:The Jovian planets are huge, rocky giants. | False |
| List the groups of substances that make up the planets. | Gases, rocks, and ices. |
| Give two reasons why the Jovian planets have much thicker atmospheres than the terrestrial planets. | Surface gravity and temperature |
| To escape from a planet's gravity an object must reach a speed called the _______________________________. | Escape velocity |
| A(n) ___________________ is a cloud of dust and gas in space. | Nebula |
| Describe the nebular theory of the information of the solar system. | Nebular theory is the sun and also the planets formed from a rotating disk of dust and also gases. |
| What is a term for small, irregularly shaped bodies. | Planetesimal |
| True or False: The inner planets formed mainly from metals and silicate minerals because of the high temperatures near the sun. | True |
| The Jovian planets contain large quantities of ices because it was ________________ enough in the outer solar system for ices to form. | Cold |
| What is Mercury's position in the solar system. | Innermost terrestrial planet |
| Mercury has the greatest ____________________ extremes of any planet. | Temperature |
| Why is it unlikely that life as we know it exists on Mercury? | Temperatures are way too extreme. |
| Venus's topography has been mapped from space and Earth, using ____________ pulses. | Radar |
| True or False: Most of Venus's surface consists of plains covered by lava flow. | True |
| Why is it unlikely that life as we know it exists on Venus? | 97% carbon dioxide |
| True or False: Mars's atmosphere is 90 times the density of Earth's. | False |
| What is the gas that makes up most of the Martian atmosphere? | Carbon dioxide |
| Mars's polar caps are made of _______________ covered with a thin layer of frozen _________________. | Water ice. Carbon dioxide |
| Color changes on Mars's surface observed from Earth may be caused by _______________________ in Mars's atmosphere. | Dust storms |
| True or False: The largest volcano on Mars is over 2 and a half times higher than Mount Everest. | True |
| One piece of evidence that there was once water on Mars is that some areas have drainage patterns similar to those made by ______________ on Earth. | Streams |
| True or False: The finding of evidence of liquid water on Mars is important because water is essential for life. | True |
| Jupiter's mass | 2 and a half times greater than the mass of all of the other planets and moons combined |
| True or False: Jupiter's surface is thought to be a giant ocean of liquid water. | False |
| One of Jupiter's moons, ___________, is one of only four volcanically active bodies in the solar system. | Io |
| True or False: Saturn has large cyclonic "storms" similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot. | True |
| What planet(s) that have ring systems. | All four Jovian planets |
| True or False: Uranus's rings were discovered when Uranus passed in front of a distant star and blocked its view. | True |
| True or False: Neptune has winds exceeding 1000 km per hour. | True |
| What is the substance that most likely makes up Neptune's upper cloud layer. | Frozen methane |
| Pluto is no longer considered to be a ________________. | Dwarf Planet |
| True or False: Asteroids are small, rocky bodies in space. | True |
| Asteroids cannot be the remains of a broken planet because they do not have enough total ____________________. | Mass |
| ____________________ are pieces of rocky and metallic materials held together by frozen gases. | Comets |
| What is the term for the glowing head of a comet formed when frozen gases vaporize. | Coma |
| When do comets develop tails? | Comets develop tails as they approach the sun |
| Two regions from which comets originate. | Kuiper belt and Oort belt |
| True or False: The nucleus of Halley's comet is spherical. | False |
| Small, solid particle from space that reaches Earth's surface | Meteorite |
| Small, solid particle from space that burns up in Earth's atmosphere | Meteor |
| Small, solid particle that travels through space | Meteoroid |
| A(n) ______________________, or display of frequent meteor sightings, can result when Earth encounters a swarm of meteoroids. | meteor shower |
| True or False: Meteorites are now the only extraterrestrial materials scientists have to examine directly. | False |
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Briddgetr