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AP Psych Review 3
AP Psych red yellow green review 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Terminal Buttons | Branched end of the axon that contain neurotransmitters |
| Synapse | Space between the terminal buttons of 1 meuron and the dendrites of the next neuron |
| Excitatory | 'excite' the next cell into firing |
| Inhibitory | 'inhibit' the next cell from firing |
| Acetylcholine function | Motor Movement |
| Acetylcholine Deficit | Alzheimers |
| Dopamine function | Motor movement and alertness |
| Dopamine defecit | Parkinsons |
| Dopamine Excess | Schizophrenia |
| Endorphins function | Pain control |
| Endorphins excess/deficit | Addictions |
| Serotonin function | Pain control |
| Serotonin Deficit | Clinical depression |
| GABA function | Important inhibitory neurotransmitter |
| GABA excess/deficit | Seizures, sleep problems |
| Glutamate function | Excitatory neurotransmitter; memory |
| Glutamate excess/deficit | Migraines, seizures |
| Norepinephrine function | Alertness, arousal |
| Norepinephrine excess/deficit | Depression |
| Afferent neurons | Take info from senses to the brain |
| Efferent neurons | Take info from the brain to the body |
| Peripheral nervous system | All nerves not in spinal cord and brain. Divided into 2 categories, somatic and autonomic |
| Somatic Nervous system | Voluntary muscle movements |
| Autonomic nervous system | Controls automatic functions of out body. 2 categories, sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Sympathetic nervous system | Mobilizes our body to respond to stress. Alert part of our body |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | Stress response that causes our body to slow down |
| Lesioning | Removal or destruction of part of the brain |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | Detects brain waves |
| Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT or CT) scan | Sophisticated x-ray. Uses several x-ray cameras that rotate around the brain and combines the pictures into a detailed 3D picture of the brains structure |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Gives you pictures of the brain by using magnetic fields to measure the density and location of brain material. |
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan | Lets researchers see what areas of the brain are most active during certain tasks. |
| Functional MRI (fMRI) | Combines MRI and PET. Can show details of brain structure w/ info about blood flow in the brain, trying brain structure to brain activity |
| Hindbrain | Consists of structures in the top part of the spinal cord. Controls the basic bio functions that keep us alive. Specific structures include medulla, pons, and cerebellum |
| Medulla | Involed in control of our blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing. Located above spinal cord |
| Pons | Connects hindbrain with the midbrain and forebrain. Involved in control of facial expressions |
| Cerebellum | Located on bottom rear of the brain. Coordinates some muscle movements |
| Midbrain | Located just above the spinal cord |
| Reaction Formation | Collection of cells throughout the midbrain that controls general body arousal and ability to focus attention |
| Forebrain | Control thought and reason |
| Thalamus | Located top of brain stem. Responsible for receiving sensory signals coming up the spinal cord and sending them down to the appropriate areas in the rest of the forebrain |
| Hypothalamus | Small structure right next to the thalamus. Control metabolic functions |
| Amygdala | Emotion |
| Cerebral Cortex | Surface of the brain |
| Fissures | Wrinkles in cerebral cortex |
| Left hemisphere | Gets sensory messages and control the motor function of the right half of the body |
| Right Hemisphere | Gets sensory messages and controls the major functions of the left half of the body |
| Brain Lateralization / Hemisphere specialization | Specification of functions in each hemisphere |
| Split brain | Hemispheres aren't connected b/c corpus callosum was cut |
| Corpus Callosum | What connects brain hemispheres |
| Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga | Came up with split-brain |
| Prefrontal cortex | Front of the frontal lobe. Directs thought process |
| Motor Cortex | Back of frontal lobe. Sends signals to our muscles, controlling our voluntary movements |
| Parietal love | Located behind frontal lobe. Senses, specifically touch |
| Sensory cortex / somatosensory cortex | Located behind motor cortex. Receives touch sensations |
| Temporal Love | Process sound sensed by our ears |
| Adrenal Glands | Produce adrenaline |
| Thomas Bouchard | Studied identical twins raised apart to see influences of genetics and environment |
| Turners Syndrome | Only 1 x chromosome instead of the 23rd pair |
| Klinefelter's syndrome | Extra X chromosome |
Created by:
ErTe19