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ANATOMY 220
PRACTICE FINAL 200
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n | Organ |
| An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included? | Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac |
| The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? | Umbilicus |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | ventral/dorsal |
| A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _____ region. | right hypochondriac |
| If your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | proximal |
| The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: | right lung |
| The lungs are located in the: | thoracic cavity |
| The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: | heart |
| Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? | Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | neutrons |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | two |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: | electrons |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hyrdrolysis |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2 |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| Acids: | are proton donors; taste sour; release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution (All of the above are true of acids) |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | catabolism; anabolism; ATP requirements (all of the above) |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: | desmosomes |
| Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function? | Cell division |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: | glycoprotein molecules |
| Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?” | Microfilament |
| Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | Provides a site for ribosome attachment |
| Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins? | Acting as receptors; signal transduction; identification of "self" (all of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins) |
| The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the: | lysosome |
| The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are: | lysosomes; preoxisomes (both B and C) |
| The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: | microvilli |
| The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center. | centrosome |
| Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a | matrix |
| The External Ear is composed of | elastic cartilage |
| The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis. | dermoepidermal |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | extracellular matrix |
| Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue? | cardiac |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | connective |
| The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called | keratin |
| Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | stratum corneum |
| Which of the following tissues lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? | cartilage |
| Adipose tissue is | a storage tissue |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called | myeloid tissue |
| The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the | sternum |
| The vertebral bones that support the small (lower section) of the back are the | lumbar vertebrae |
| The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the | mandible |
| The two bones that form the framework for the forearm are the | radius and ulna |
| The human skeleton system consists of two divisions. They are | axial and appendicular |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphysis |
| Which of the following is not a bone in the leg? | mandible |
| Which of the following bones form the framework of the hand? | metacarpals |
| Which of the following is not a bone in the skull? | clavicle |
| Which letter indicates the gluteal tuberosity of the femur? | See Image (Figure 8.2) D |
| The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the: | latissmus dorsi |
| The action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm. | flex |
| Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? | pectoralis minor |
| Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group? | biceps femoris |
| Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh? | sacrospinalis |
| The prime mover can also be called the: | agonist |
| The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the: | triceps brachii |
| Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the: | perimysium |
| Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n): | muscle fiber |
| The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the: | opponens pollicis |
| Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve? | Endoneurium |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: | astrocytes |
| Astrocytes attach to: | neurons; blood vessels (both A and C) |
| Schwann cells have a function in the PNS that is similar to that of which cells in the CNS? | Oligodendrocytes |
| Multipolar neurons have: | multiple dendrites and one axon |
| Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)? | integrating sensory information; evaluating the information; initiating an outgoing response (all of the above are functions of the CNS) |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is | astrocytes |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. | multipolar |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n): | sensory neuron |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers. | True |
| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | Cervical |
| The pyramids are formed in the: | medulla |
| The cervical plexus: | is found deep in the neck; is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5; includes the phrenic nerve (all of the above are correct) |
| The peripheral nervous system includes: | only cranial nerves, spinal nerves and their branches |
| The lumbar plexus gives rise to the _____ nerve. | femoral |
| The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons. | false |
| All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. | false |
| Which of the following is not a plexus of the spinal nerves? | thoracic |
| Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue? | hypoglossal |
| Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes melatonin. | See Image (Figure 17.2) C |
| Identify the letter that indicates a "master gland" that secretes at least nine hormone | See Image (Figure 17.1) A |
| Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. | conjunctiva |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as | infundibulum |
| Largest purely endocrine gland in the body | thyroid gland |
| Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx | thyroid and parathyroids |
| Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? | iodine |
| Receptors for hearing are located in the | cochlear duct |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. | vestibule |
| Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers. | cornea |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. | calcitonin |
| Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that produces antibodies. | See Image (Figure 18.1) C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the fraction that of leukocytes that represents monocytes. | See Image (Figure 18.2) E |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale |
| The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the | pelvis |
| The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the | head, neck, and upper extremity |
| The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot. | great saphenous vein |
| The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. | head and upper extremities |
| The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the | endothelium |
| Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | receiving chambers |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | antigen |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin |
| The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the | papillary muscles |
| Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue. | See Image (Figure 21.1) D |
| Identify the letter that indicates the large lymph vessel that drains three-quarters of the body. | See Image (Figure 21.2) C |
| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are | fluid balance and immunity |
| The functions of the lymph nodes are | defense and hematopoiesis |
| Lymphocytes that kill many types of tumor cells and cells infected by different kinds of viruses are known as | natural killer cells |
| _____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens. | species resistance |
| Which of these substances operate(s) immune mechanisms? | sebum, mucus, enzymes, hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosa (all of the above) |
| The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are | innate and adaptive immunity |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte |
| Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes? | immunoglobulin M |
| Lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines are called | lacteals |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | effector T cells and memory cells |
| The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as: | nostrils, anterior nares, external nares (all of the above) |
| The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: | epiglottis |
| The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the: | oropharynx |
| Which of the following is not a true statement? | Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax |
| Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: | alveoli |
| The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. | 11 |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | They serve in voice production |
| The more common name for the pharynx is the: | throat |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | air |
| The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium. | pseudostratified columnar |
| The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium. | simple columnar |
| Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds? | Filiform |
| Microvilli can be found in the: | small intestine; large intestine (Both B and C are correct) |
| The hard palate consists of portions of: | four bones: two maxillae and two palatines |
| Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva? | sublinguals |
| Which of the following is not an anatomical part of the small intestine? | Cecum |
| The longest portion of the small intestine is the: | ileum |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? | small intestine |
| The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: | mesentery |
| Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called _____ cells. | Kupffer |
| Substances travel from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule by the process of: | filtration |
| A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the: | nephron loop (Loop of Henle) |
| Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: | ureter |
| Reabsorption, as performed in the kidney, may be defined as the: | movement of molecules out of the tubule and into the peritubular blood |
| Which of the following is not a part of the glomerular-capsular membrane? | Parietal layer of the glomerular capsule |
| Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced? | Aldosterone, ADH (Both B and C) |
| The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the: | collecting tubule |
| The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the: | renal pelvis |
| Which structure of the kidney narrows as it exits the kidney to become the ureter? | renal pelvis |
| Urine formation involves all the following processes except: | catabolism |
| The urethral orifice is _____ to the vagina opening. | anterior |
| Identify the letter that indicates the ejaculatory duct. | See Image (Figure 25.1) A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice. | See Image (Figure 25.3) C |
| Which of the following is not an effect of testosterone? | Promotes lenthening of long bones |
| Which of the following is not an accessory sex organ of the female reproductive system? | ovary |
| Identify the letter that indicates the female erectile tissue that is homologous to the penis. | See Image (Figure 25.3) E |
| Which of the following is(are) not classified as an accessory organ(s) of the reproductive system in the male? | Testes |
| Which of the following is not true concerning the uterus? | It produces estrogen |
| In the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction are called: | testes |
| The final stage in the process of ovarian follicle development is the: | corpus albicans |
| Which letter indicates the umbilical region? | See Image (Figure 1.1) B |
| Which letter indicates the popliteal region? | See Image (Figure 1.2) E |
| Which letter indicates the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | See Image (Figure 2.1) C |
| Which letter indicates the plasma membrane? | See Image (Figure 2.1) B |
| Which letter indicates microvilli? | See Image (Figure 4.1) E |
| Which letter indicates projections from the dermis that reduce blister formation? | See Image (Figure 5.1) E |
| Which letter indicates a cellular junction that prevents molecules from passing between epithelial cells? | See Image (Figure 4.2) A |
| Which letter indicates cells that produce melanin in the hair root? | See Image (Figure 5.2) D |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Linea alba. | See Image (Figure 11.1) B |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Masseter. | See Image (Figure 11.2) E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Orbicularis oris. | See Image (Figure 11.2) D |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Deltoid. | See Image (Figure 11.3) B |
| Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron with a name that means "little hill." | See Image (Figure 12.1) B |
| Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell. | See Image (Figure 12.1) C |
| Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system. | See Image (Figure 12.2) E |
| Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye? | See Image (Figure 13.1) E |
| Which letter indicates a tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle) that is responsive to light pressure? | See Image (Figure 14.1) B |
| Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus? | See Image (Figure 15.1) C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. | See Image (Figure 16.1) E |
| Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate. | See Image (Figure 17.1) B |
| Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids. | See Image (Figure 17.1) D |
| Identify the letter that indicates an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels. | See Image (Figure 17.1) E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis. | See Image (Figure 17.2) A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that is packed with molecules of hemoglobin. | See Image (Figure 18.1) A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery. | See Image (Figure 19.1) A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the layer common to all blood vessels regardless of their size. | See Image (Figure 20.1) A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents lymphocytes. | See Image (Figure 18.2) D |
| Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, composed of cells from the myocardium. | See Image (Figure 19.2) B |
| Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue. | See Image (Figure 21.1) D |
| Identify the letter that indicates lymph nodes that direct lymph fluid to the jugular trunks. | See Image (Figure 21.2) B |
| Identify the letter that indicates structures that assist in filtering, heating, and humidifying inspired air. | See Image (Figure 22.1) A |
| Identify the letter that indicates Ciliated cells in this layer transport mucus laden with dust, bacteria, pollen, and viruses towards the pharynx. | See Image (Figure 22.2) C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence that is also known as the "Adam's apple." | See Image (Figure 22.3) D |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cardia of the stomach. | See Image (Figure 23.1) A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cystic duct. | See Image (Figure 23.2) C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the root canal. | See Image (Figure 23.2) E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the major calyx. | See Image (figure 24.1) E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the vasa recta. | See Image (Figure 24.2) E |
| Figure 24.2 Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. Identify the letter that indicates the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | See Image (Figure 24.2) C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the efferent arteriole. | See Image (figure 24.3) A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the site of sperm maturation and storage. | See Image (Figure 25.1) C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cervix. | See Image (Figure 25.2) E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice. | See Image (Figure 25.3) C |
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