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Earth Science

Freshman Earth Science Chapter 22 Study Guide

QuestionAnswer
The study of the properties of objects in space and the laws under which the universe operates is called...... Astronomy
True or False: Eratosthenes is considered to be the first person to calculate the size of Earth. True
The idea that the moon, sun, and known planets orbit Earth is called the ____________________ model of the universe. Geocentric
Describe the heliocentric model of the universe. In the heliocentric model, Earth and other planets orbit the sun.
Statement that is true. The geocentric theory is flawed but was accepted for thousands of years.
What type of motion is occurring between at Mars that is seen from Earth? Retrograde Motion
True or False: Ptolemy's geocentric model was unable to account for the observed retrograde motion of the planets. False
Developed a model of the solar system with the sun at the center. Nicolaus Copernicus
Formulated and tested the law of universal gravitation Isaac Newton
Discovered three laws of planetary motion Johannes Kepler
Made much more precise observations than previous astronomers made Tycho Brahe
Described the behavior of moving objects Galileo Galilei
True or False: During December and January on the figure, the planet is moving the fastest. True
The average distance from the planet to the sun is about 150 million KM, or one__________________. Astronomical Unit or (AU)
List two factors that Newton showed combined to keep the planets in their elliptical orbits. Gravitational Force and the tendency of a planet to remain in a straight-line motion.
The two main motions of Earth. Rotation and Revolution
True or False: Day and night are caused by Earth's revolution on its axis. False
The point at which Earth is closest to the sun is called ____________________. Perihelion
True or False: Seasons are caused in part by the tilt of Earth's tilt of Earth's axis of rotation. True
What is precession? is the motion of Earth's axis as it traces out a circle on the sky.
What describes the point at which the moon is farthest from Earth. Apogee
Lunar phases are caused by changes in how much of the sunlit side of the __________________ faces Earth. Moon
Do the phases of the moon affect how much of the moon is illuminated? No, the phases do not affect because half of the moon is lit at all times.
True or False: The cycle of the phases takes about two days longer than the moon's revolution around Earth. False
List two reasons why the moon's surface has extremely high and low temperatures. Long periods of light and darkness. Also absence of an atmosphere.
A(n) _____________ eclipse occurs when the moon passes between Earth and the sun and casts a shadow on Earth. Solar
True or False: A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes into Earth's shadow. True
Densely pitted, light colored areas containing mountain ranges Highlands
Dark, relatively smooth areas made of ancient beds of basaltic lava Maria
Splash marks that radiate outwards for hundreds of Kilometers Rays
Long channels similar to valleys or trenches Rilles
Soil-like layer of igneous rock, glass beads, and fine lunar dust Regolith
Round depressions produced by the impact of rapidly moving debris or meteoroids Craters
How did the maria on the moon's surface form? When asteroids punctured the lunar surface, letting magma "bleed" out
Created by: Briddgetr
 

 



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