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Earth Science
Freshman Earth Science: Chapter 18 Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most important gas in atmospheric processes. | Water Vapor |
| The heat absorbed or released during a change of state is called ____________________. | Latent heat |
| True or false: Saturated warm air contains more water vapor than saturated cold air. | True |
| What is the difference between humidity and relative humidity? | Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is a ratio of the air's actual water-vapor content compared with the amount of water vapor air can hold at that temperature and pressure. |
| Water vapor is added | increases |
| Air temperature decreases | increases |
| Water vapor is removed | Decreases |
| Air temperature increases | Decreases |
| When a parcel of air is cooled to the temperature at which it is saturated, it has reached its _______________________. | dew point |
| What is the factor that a hygrometer is used to measure. | Relative humidity |
| A sling psychrometer works because the amount of cooling that occurs in the wet bulb is directly proportional to the _____________. | Dryness |
| What happens when air that has reached its dew point is cooled further? | The airs excess water vapor would condense, typically as dew, fog, or clouds. |
| When a parcel of air is allowed to expand, it ______________. | Cools |
| Why does a parcel of air expand as it rises upward through the atmosphere? | Expanding happens because the atmospheric pressure decreases. |
| True or False: The rate of heating or cooling of saturated air is the dry adiabatic rate. | False |
| When a parcel of air reaches it dew point, the process of __________________ begins. | Condensation |
| After a parcel of air rises past the condensation level, the rate of cooling decreases because of the release of latent ____________. | Heat |
| List the four mechanisms that can cause air to rise. | Orographic lifting , frontal wedging, convergence, and localized convective lifting. |
| A(n) ________________ is produced when two air masses collide. | Front |
| True or false: Localized convective lifting produces thermals that lift birds to great heights. | True |
| A parcel of air that is less dense than the surrounding air is _________________ and will tend to rise. | unstable |
| True or False: Unstable air tends to remain in its original position. | False |
| What best describes a temperature inversion. | Air temperature increases with height |
| Clouds associated with lifting of ____________ air often produce thunderstorms. | Unstable |
| For condensation to occur, air must be __________________. | Saturated |
| True or False: Above the ground, tiny particles called condensation nuclei serve as surfaces for water vapor condensation. | True |
| Cirrus clouds | White, thin, and found high in the atmosphere |
| Cumulus Clouds | Clouds consist of rounded individual cloud masses |
| Stratus Clouds | Clouds are best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky |
| Coalescence | In warm clouds, the mechanism that forms raindrops |
| True or False: Clouds are classified based on form and height. | True |
| The three types of _______________ clouds are cirrus, cirrostratus, and cirrocumulus. | High |
| How can you tell from the name of a cloud if it is a middle-range cloud? | Has the prefix alto |
| Which cloud type is a low cloud? | Stratus, Stratocumulus, and Nimbostratus |
| Fog is | a cloud with its base at or very near the ground. |
| True or False: Fogs can be formed by by cooling or by evaporation. | True |
| What must happen for precipitation to form? | Cloud droplets must grow in volume by roughly one million times. |
| Formation of precipitation in cold clouds is called the ________________ process. | Bergeron |
| True or False: In warm clouds, raindrops form by the Bergeron process. | False |
| What describes water in the liquid state below 0 degrees. | Supercooled |
| Small particles of ice | sleet |
| Drops of water that fall from a cloud and have diameter of at least 0.5 mm | Rain |
| Ice pellets with multiple layers | Hail |
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Briddgetr