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ear and eye
ear and eye Leaving cert biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Give two functions of Cones in the eye | to detect colour, work in bright light |
| Give one function of the optic nerve | to send message from eye to brain |
| Give one function of the Iris in the eye | To control the amount of light entering the eye |
| Give one function of the eustachian tube in the ear | to equalise pressure |
| Give one function of the semi circular valves in the ear | balance |
| In relation to the human eye, name and explain the role of the fluid that fills the rear chamber | vitreous humour- helps maintain the shape of the eye |
| Give the function of the Suspensory ligaments | -hold the lens in place. |
| Give the function of the Aqueous humour | watery liquid that supplies the lens and cornea with nutrients and helps keep the shape of the cornea and lens. |
| Give the function of the conjunctiva | -thin transparent lining protecting the cornea against infection (Conjunctivitis) |
| Give the function of the Ciliary body/ muscle- | extension of choroid, attached to lens by suspensory ligaments.It controls the shape of the lens by contracting and relaxing, this is called Accommodation. |
| Give the function of the Lens | transparent elastic structure (acts like magnifying glass), it focuses the light rays on the retina. |
| Give the function of the Optic Nerve – | made of millions of sensory nerve endings and axons that carry information form receptors to brain. |
| What is the blind spot in the eye | -where the optic nerve fibres pass out of eye on the retina, the nerves block light from receptors so no vision/image seen. |
| Give the function of the fovea | where our best vision is on the retina (mainly cones) |
| Give the function of the Cornea | front transparent part of the sclera. It focuses light rays on the lens. |
| Give the function of the Conjunctiva | -thin transparent lining protecting the cornea.(Conjunctivitis) |
| Give the function of the Sclera- | tough fibrous outer layer, the ‘white’ of the eye; Holds shape of the eyeball intact. |
| Give the function of the Choroid- | contains blood vessels supplying food and oxygen to the cells of the eye + melanin pigment absorbs light to prevent reflection within eye. Front of choroid is specialised into the iris. |
| Give the function of the Iris- | controls amount of light entering the eye [through changing size of pupil]. |
| Give the function of the Pupil- | opening in the iris that lets light into eye. (Black as all light inside is absorbed by choroid layer) |
| Give the function of the Lens- | transparent elastic structure (acts like magnifying glass), it focuses the light rays on the retina. |
| state two adaptions the lens in the eye has | transparent, can change shape |
| state two advantages of having two eyes | increased visual field, depth perception |
| state the function of the rods in the eye | Work in dim light, detect white and black |
| state a disorder of the eye, give a treatment | long sighted (can see objects a long way away) convex lenses bend light rays |
| what is accommodation in the eye | Accommodation is the ability of the lens to change its shape (focal length) to form a clear image. |
| what happens when an eye focuses on something close to it | the ciliary muscle contracts, the suspensory ligaments relax, Lens becomes thicker, Light doesn’t bend much |
| what happens when an eye focuses on something far away from it | the ciliary muscle relaxes, the suspensory ligaments contract, Lens is thin, Bends light more |
| Outline the functions of the Pinna- | outer visible ear made of cartilage, collects and funnels sound vibrations into the ear/auditory canal. |
| Outline the functions of the Auditory canal | -channel that leads to ear drum. Function is to channel sound vibrations to ear drum and protect area by hairs and wax glands that trap dirt and germs. |
| Outline the functions of the eardrum | tightly stretched membrane that separates outer and middle ear, its function is to vibrate due to sound waves coming in through auditory canal. |
| Outline the functions of the Ossicles- | three bones called Hammer, Anvil and Stirrup make up the ossicles. Function is to amplify vibrations from eardrum. |
| Outline the functions of the Cochlea- | spiral tube filled with lymph fluid that contain millions of mechanoreceptors with hairs that convert vibrations into impulses that are sent to brain through auditory nerve. Function- hearing |
| Outline the functions of the three Semi-circular canals | full of lymph with receptors that detect position and movement of head. Function is to help us keep our balance and posture. |
| what is the eustachian tube joined to | joins middle ear to pharynx |
| why are there three Semi-circular canals | To control balance in three axes |
| Name the part of the eye that has a corresponding function to the cochlea of the ear | fovea |
| name two parts of the eye that are transparent and have a curved surface | cornea and lens |
| how does curvature help the eye | to bend light |
| why are carnivores eyes located close together at the front of the head | Better judgement of distance |
| Why are herbivore's eyes located to the side of the head | wider field of vision |
| In what part of the eye are nerve impulses generated | Retina |
| Describe how the eye reacts if a very bright light is shone into it | diameter of pupil reduced, less light enters- prevent damage to retina |
Created by:
sadhbh 1