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Muscle Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The human body contains over _____ skeletal muscles | 600 |
| What are the three functions of skeletal muscle ? | 1. force production for locomotion and breathing 2. force production for postural support 3. heat production during cold stress |
| What decreases joint angle? | Flexors |
| What increases joint angles? | Extensors |
| Involuntary muscle, controlled by the autonomic nervous system, and is located in the walls of blood vessels and throughout internal organs | Smooth muscles |
| Controlled by the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems , located only in the heart | Cardiac Muscle |
| Voluntary muscle, controlled consciously by the somatic nervous system, there are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the body | Skeletal Muscle |
| Each of the body's skeletal muscles contains various wrappings of _______________ ____________ ________________. | fibrous connective tissue |
| Each muscle is made up of thousands of _____________ _________ called fibers that lie parallel to each other, with the force of action directed along the fiber's long axis. | cylindrical cells |
| __________ ___________ varies from a few millimeters in the ______ muscles to nearly 30 cm in the large muscles of the _______. | Fiber length Eye Leg |
| _________________ surrounds the entire muscle and then blends into the intramuscular tissue sheaths to form tendons. | Epimysium |
| _________________ surrounds a bundle of fibers called a fasciculus | Perimysium |
| _________________ wraps each muscle fiber and separates it from neighboring fibers. | Endomysium |
| _________________ surrounds each muscle fiber and encloses the fiber's cellular contents. | Sarcolemma |
| _______________ contains the nuclei that contain the genes, mitochondria, and other specialized organelles. | Sarcoplasm |
| ______________ ___________ provides structural integrity to the cell. | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| _________ connect both ends of the muscle to the _____________, the bone's outermost covering. | Tendons periosteum |
| The force of _________ ________ transmits directly from the connective tissue harness to the tendons, which then pull on the bone at the point of _____________________. | muscle action attachment |
| ___________ of a muscle is the location where the tendon joins a relatively stable skeletal part, generally the proximal end. | Origin |
| ___________ of a muscle is the point of distal muscle attachment to the moving bone. | Insertion |
| Skeletal Muscle Composition Water= Protein= Salts and other substances= | Water= 75% Protein= 20% Salts and other substances= 5% |
| ______________ , _________________ ,and _____________ are the most abundant muscle proteins. | Myosin, actin, and tropomyosin |
| Arteries and veins lie parallel to ___________ ___________ _________. | individual muscle fibers |
| During intense exercise the __________ __________ delivers large quantities of blood through active tissues to accommodate the increased oxygen need. | vascular bed |
| Physical activities that require straining elevate _______________ _____________ to occlude local blood flow during ____________ _____________. | intramuscular pressure muscular contractions |
| A ____________ muscle has an increased _________-__-________ ________ ratio. | trained capillary- to- muscle fiber |
| Total number of capillaries per muscle averages ______% higher in endurance -trained athletes than untrained counterparts. | 40% |
| ____________ _________ and _________ _________ on the vessel walls from increased blood flow during exercise stimulates capillary development with intense aerobic training. | Vascular stretch shear stress |
| A single _____________ muscle fiber contains ____________ that lie parallel to the fiber's long axis. | multinucleated myofibrils |
| Myofibrils contain smaller subunits called _________________ that lie parallel to the long axis of the myofibril. | myofilaments |
| Myofilaments consist of _________ and _____________ that account for 85% of the _______________ _______________. | actin and myosin myofibrillar complex |
| The myofibril has a __________-__________ pattern | cross- striation |
| The sarcomere consists of the basic repeating unit between two ___ lines, comprising the functional unit of a muscle fiber | Z |
| ______________ lie in series and their filaments have a parallel configuration within a given fiber. | Sarcomeres |
| The length of the sarcomere largely determines a muscle's ____________ ______________. | functional properties |
| Differences in sarcomere alignment and length strongly affect a muscle's ________ and __________-_________ capacity | force power-generating |
| Pennate muscles differ from fusiform fibers in three ways: 1. 2.. 3. | 1. contain shorter fibers 2. possess more individual fibers 3. exhibit less range of motion |
| Fusiform or ___________-_________ fibers run parallel to the muscle's long axis and taper at the tendinous attachment. | spindle-shaped |
| _____________ fibers lie at an oblique pennation angle and allow a large number of fibers into a smaller cross-sectional area. | Pennate |
| Pennate muscles tend to generate _______________ power | considerable |
Created by:
showard93