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Chemistry Ch. Ten
Chapter 10
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Structural Isomers | Compounds with same formula, but atoms linked differently |
Geometric Isomers | Possible when double bond is present; different orientations in space; cis and trans |
Optical Isomers | have non-superimposable mirror images |
Chiral atoms | have 4 different substituents |
Alkanes | C-C single bonds; C(n)H(2n+2) |
Cycloalkanes | C-C single bonds; C(n)H(2n) |
Alkenes | C-C double bond; C(n)H(2n) |
Alkynes | C-C triple bond; C(n)H(2n-2) |
Aromatic Compounds | Alternating C-C double bonds and C-C single bonds; C(n)H(n) |
Meth- | 1 |
Eth- | 2 |
Prop- | 3 |
But- | 4 |
Pent- | 5 |
Hex- | 6 |
Hept- | 7 |
Oct- | 8 |
Non- | 9 |
Dec- | 10 |
Alcohols | R-OH |
Ethers | R-O-R' |
Primary Amines | R-NH2 |
Secondary Amines | R-NH-R' |
Tertiary Amines | R-NR'-R" |
Aldehyde | R-C-H -al = O |
Ketone | R-C-R' -one = O |
Carboxylic Acid | R-C-OH' -oic acid = O |
Ester | R-C-OR' -oate = O |
Ortho- | Next to each other |
Meta- | Two away |
Para- | Opposite sides (three away) |
Esters (formation) | Condensation rxn between alcohol and carboxylic acid |
Amides | R-C-NH2 = O |
Thermoplastics | soften and flow when they are heated and harden when hey are cooled |
Thermosetting Plastics | are initially soft but set to a solid when heated and cannot be resoftened |