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HYDRAULICS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change)bis referred nto in hydraulicsbas; | Water Hammer |
| A line joining the points of highest elevation of water in a series of vertical open pipes rising from a pipeline bin which water flows under pressure bis referred to as: | Hydraulic Gradient |
| Is the name given to the behavior of the liquid in a thin-bored tube | Capillary |
| Also known as pressure disturbances (in a water hammer) | Celerity |
| Is a tube usually bent in a form of a U, containing a liquid of known specific gravity, the surface of which moves proportionally to changes of pressure. It used to measure pressure. | MANOMETER |
| Types of manometer | Open manometers Differential manometer Piezometer |
| Is the force per unit area exerted by a liquid or gas on a body or surface, with the force acting at right angles to the surface uniformly in all directions | Pressure |
| Is the pressure at any one point on the Earth's surface from the weight bof the air above it. | Atmospheric pressure |
| Is a space that has all matter removed from it | Vaccum |
| Is an accurate and relatively simple way to measure changes in atmospheric pressure | Mercury barometer |
| A partially evacuated metal drum expands or contracts in response to changes in air pressure | Aneroid barometer |
| Is the height "h" of a column of homogeneous liquid of unit weight "gamma" that will produce an intensity of pressure p. | Pressure Head |
| The membrane of skin or thin-film that seems to form on the free surface of a fluid that is due to the intermolecular cohesive forces. | Surface tension |
| A type of shock where the flow undergoes a sudden transition from swift flow to transquil flow. | Hydraulic Jump |
| A fluid property that measures the fluid's resistance to shear stress | Viscosity |
| The vena contracta of a circular orifice is approximately _______ diameter downstream fromnthe inner face of the orifice plate | 1/2 |
| When the ship's metacenter and center of gravity coincide at the same point then the vessel is said to be in: | Neutral equilibrium |
| Are structures that block the flowof a river, stream, or other waterway. Some dams divert the flow of river water into a Pipeline, canal or channel. | Dams |
| Is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object. | Buoyancy |
| A body immersed in a fluid is acted by a buoyant force which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced. | Archimedes Principles |
| Is the point of intersection between the centerline (axis of the body) and the line of action of the buoyant force | Metacentric Height |
| As the speed of a moving fluid (liquid/gas) increases, the pressure within that fluid decreases & vice versa | Bernoulli's energy theorem |
| An opening, usually circular, with a closed perimeter through which fluid flows | Orifice |
| The section on the jet where the contraction ceases. | Contraction of the Jet |
| A converging tube installed of a pipe or hose for the purpose of increasing velocity | Nozzle |
| Are overflow structures which are built across an open channel for the purpose of measuring or controlling the flow of liquids | WEIRS |
| When the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated network, the flow is called: | Turbulent |
| Type of flow where the flow rate does not change over time. | Steady flow |
| Type of flow where the mean velocity of flow for a given length or reach is the same at every cross section | Uniform flow |
| Uninterrupted flow in a fluid near a solid boundary in which the direction of flow at every point remains constant. | Laminar flow |
| Type of flow where at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same. | Continuous flow |
| Type of flow in which, for a fixed rate of flow specific energy is minimum. | Critical flow |
| Type of flow in which the density of the fluid is constant from one point to another. | Incomprehensible flow |
| Type of flow in which the fluid particles rotate about thier own axis while flowing along the streamlines. | Rotational flow |
| Minor losses through valves, fittings, bends, contractions etc. Are commonly modeled as proportional to: | Velocity head |
| A floating body will be stable when its: | Metacenter is above its center of gravity |
| The best hydraulic cross section for a trapezoidal channel of base width b is above one for which the length of the side edge of the flow section is: | b |
Created by:
ENGR.BMO