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Solutions
NYS Chemistry Curriculum
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture containing two or more substances |
| Solute | The substance that is being dissolved |
| Solvent | The substance doing the dissolving |
| Soluble | the substance CAN be dissolved in a particular solvent |
| Insoluble | the substance CANNOT be dissolved in a particular solvent |
| Miscible | Two liquids that are soluble in each other, and will mix homogeneously (become a solution) |
| Imiscible | Two liquids that do not mix homogeneously (and cannot become a solution) |
| Concentration | A measure of how much of a solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution |
| Saturated | Contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for the given conditions |
| Unsaturated | Contains less dissolved solute for the given conditions |
| Supersaturated | Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same conditions |
| Electrolyte | a solution that contains ions and can conduct electricity |
| Nonelectrolyte | a solution that does NOT conduct electricity (because it does not contain dissolved ions) |
| concentrated | a vague term implying that it is a strong solution |
| dilute | a vague term implying that a solution is watered down, or a low concentration |
| (M) Molarity | concentration calculation where moles of solute is divided by Liters of solution |
| % Mass or % Volume | concentration calculation that uses mass or volume. Divide amount of solute by amount of solution, then multiply by 100. |
| (PPM) Parts per Million | concentration calculation used mainly in environmental applications. mass solute/mass solution x 1,000,000 |
| Colligative properties | Ionic solutions alter properties such as the freezing point and boiling points of their solvents, by lowering vapor pressure. The more ions present, the great the effect. |
| Boiling point elevation and Freezing point depression | A solution will freeze at a lower temp than its pure solvent, and boil and a higher boiling point than its pure solvent will. This is because dissolved ions get in the way and make it more difficult to water to do its thing! |