Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Intro to CJ Chap 16
Crime and Criminal Justice in the New Millennium
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| __________ is the process of creating transnational markets and political and legal systems and has shifted the focus of crime from a local to a world perspective. | Globalization |
| Globalization has allowed both ____ and _______ tremendous operational benefits and has reduced the risks of apprehension and punishment. | Individual offenders and Criminal Gangs |
| The term ________ was first used in the late 1930’s and described criminal activities by the rich and powerful | White-Collar Crime |
| As time passed the definition of white-collar crime has expanded to include almost any type of business-related crime and is today referred to as ____________. | Corporate Enterprise Crime |
| Probably one of the most well-known corporate enterprise criminals is Bernard Madoff who orchestrated a huge ____________. | Ponzi Scheme |
| Market manipulation, high yield investment fraud, advance fee fraud, hedge fund fraud, commodities fraud, foreign exchange fraud, broker embezzlement, and late-day trading are all included in ____ schemes. | Wall Street Fraud |
| Scams designed to prey upon people who obtained mortgages and now cannot _____________. | Make Payments |
| These types of scams are designed to prey upon people who have difficulty paying for their home. They include bait and switch, bailout, phantom help. _____ | Foreclosure Rescue Scams |
| ________ is where the builders offer an incentive of a mortgage with no down payment in order to get them to buy a house they normally could not afford. | Builder-Bailout Schemes |
| Home builders who engage in fraud in order to __ | Unload unsold homes |
| Sometimes executives in large corporations take advantage of their position to engage in _______________ frauds, which may involve falsifying information for their own financial benefit. | Management |
| The _____________ case, Enron case, WorldCom case are examples of management fraud that has involved some of the nation's largest companies and richest people. | Tyco international |
| __ avoid stigmatizing and shaming businesspeople by focusing on the act, rather than the actor. | Civil Law Strategies |
| Threat to economic sanctions or __________ to control potential violators and gain their compliance with regulations. | Civil Penalties |
| With _______________ the justice system personnel and the general public now consider corporate crimes as more serious than common-law theft offenses and the perpetrators as deserving of severe punishment. | Criminal Law Strategies |
| Rely on the threat of _____________ to deter other would-be violators. | Punishment of individual offenders |
| Enforcement of _________ include the Securities and Exchange Commission oversees the nation's capital markets, protects investors and maintains fair economic markets. | Corporate Crime laws |
| ______is a relatively new breed of offenses that can be singular or ongoing. | Cybercrime |
| Involves the ___of information, resources, or funds utilizing computers, computer networks or the Internet. | Theft and/or destruction |
| ____, it is difficult to detect through traditional law enforcement channels and to control it, and agents must develop technical skills that match those of the perpetrators. | It is rapidly evolving |
| Three types of cybercrime are: __ | Cybertheft, Cyber vandalism and Cyberwarfare__. |
| _________: Cybercrimes for profit. | Cybertheft |
| Schemes range from ___ protection to using technology to commit traditional theft-based offenses such as larceny and fraud. | Illegally copying material under Copyright |
| Some of the most common methods of Cyber Theft are: | Computer Fraud, Copyright Infringement ,Internet Securities Fraud, Identity Theft, ETailing Fraud |
| for information | Hacking |
| ____ it’s copyright protections before posting it on the internet for other members of the group to see. | Obtaining software illegally and then “crack” |
| The ______ material is called _________. | Pirated, Warez |
| Penalties for first-time offenders are incarceration for ____ and a fine of________ | 5 years and a fine of __$250,000________. |
| Involves the use of the internet to intentionally __Manipulate________. | the Securities marketplace for profit |
| The three major types of Internet securities fraud common today are ____ | Market Manipulation, fraudulent offerings of securities, and illegal touting. |
| Identity theft occurs when a person uses the Internet to__________ and/or impersonate the victim to open a new credit card account or conduct some other financial transaction | Steal someone’s Identity |
| Etailing can involve both _______and_____ merchandise illegally on the Internet. | Buying and Selling |
| These can include __________ promised purchases or services as well as substituting cheaper or used material for higher-quality purchases. | Failure to deliver |
| The ______ to free speech makes legal control of pornography quite difficult. | First Amendment right |
| Cyber-vandalism is ___ | Cybercrime with Malicious Intent |
| Cyber-vandalism includes the ___, web defacement and denial-of-service attacks. | Introduction of Viruses and Worms |
| Viruses and Worms are also known as ______. | Malware |
| Trojan Horse is a program that looks like a benign application but it contains illicit codes that can _____ | Damage the systems operation |
| Denial-of- ______Attack. | Service |
| Users of an Internet service are ______ to that service; there are disruption connections within a network, or a disruption of service to a specific system or person | Prevented from access |
| Web __ | Defacement |
| Target the ___ | Websites |
| A computer hacker __________on another person’s website by inserting or substituting codes that expose visitors to the site to misleading or provocative information. | Intrudes |
| ___ uses the Internet, email, or other electronic communications devices to Stalk or harass another person. | Cyberstalking |
| The willful and Repeated Harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text is known as ______. | Cyberbullying |
| There are _____ major approaches that cyberbullies employ to harass their victims. | 4 |
| Bullies can _____ or instant messages. | Send harassing e-mails |
| They can ____ on social networking sites. | Post obscene, insulting, and slanderous messages |
| They can ___ and disseminate defamatory content. | Develop websites to promote |
| They can _________to the victim via cell phones. | Send harassing text messages |
| ______may involve the use of Computer network tools to shut down critical national infrastructures or to coerce or intimidate a government or civilian population. | Cyberwarfare |
| The extent and costs of ____________. | Cybercrime |
| Losses are in the ________ and continue to rise with the growth of e-commerce. | Billions |
| New Laws and enforcement processes have been created to aid in controlling ___________. | Cybercrime |
| Software ___________, the government has actively pursued members of the W rez Community. | Piracy |
| U.S. Criminal Code provides penalties for a first-time illegal copyright offender of five years incarceration and a fine of ____________. | $250,000 |
| The ______ Penalty Enhancement Act of 2004 establishes aggravated identity as an offense which have mandatory penalties of an extra two years of prison with no possibility of parole. | Identity Theft |
| Child Online Protection Act bans web postings of material deemed _________. | Harmful to minors |
| Counterfeit Access Device and Computer Fraud and Abuse Law was passed in ____ which established computer-related crimes as distinct federal offenses. | 1984 |
| When enforcing laws against cybercrime most of the efforts are at the __________. | Federal level |
| ______ are being created to fight cybercrime. | Specialized agencies |
| Use of _________ to gain profit in the global marketplace, typically involving the cross-border sale and distribution of illegal commodities | Illegal tactics |
| Transnational groups use ________ and corruption to achieve their goals. They are also involved in Money laundering, human trafficking, cybercrime, and trafficking of drugs, weapons, endangered species, body parts, or nuclear materials. | Systematic violence |
| Among the best known groups of Transnational Crime groups are Yakuza, Fuk Ching, Triads, Heijin, Jao Pho, and Red Wa, as well as the Russian Mob and the ___ | Mexican drug trafficking cartels |
| With Russian Transnational Crime __________ is common | Massive money laundering |
| An estimated 90% of______ entering the U.S. travels through Mexico. | Cocaine |
| ______ is very common. | Money laundering |
| Controlling Transnational crime efforts are typically in the hands of ___ | Federal Agencies |
| __ is federal Legislation that enables prosecutors to bring additional criminal or civil charges against people engaged in 2 or more acts prohibited by 24 existing federal and 8 state laws. | RICO |
| Today, terrorism is difficult to define and separating terrorist acts from _____ | Interpersonal crimes of violence is difficult |
| ________ means terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than one country. | International terrorism |
| Terrorism requires ________ and clandestine operations. | Secrecy |
| There is no _______or behavior pattern that distinguishes the majority of terrorists or sets them apart. | Single personality trait |
| The typical terrorist can be described as an ____ individual who acts out his or her psychoses within the confines of violent groups. | Emotionally Disturbed_ |
| Terrorists have been raised to __________, and they learn at an early age that they have been victimized by some oppressor. | Hate their opponents |
| Terrorists hold _______ that prompt their behavior. | Extreme ideological beliefs |
| They believe that they ______ to encourage change. | May resort to violence |
| Terrorist operatives are ________. | Not poor or lacking in education |
| __________ -Groups that use violence to Frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views. | Contemporary Terrorist |
| Political terrorism is directed at people or groups who ______ the terrorists’ political ideology or who are defined by the terrorists as outsiders who must be destroyed. | oppose |
| Nationalist terrorism are groups whose actions promote the interests of a ___________ that has been persecuted under majority rule and/or wishes to crave out its own independence homeland. | Minority ethnic or religious group |
| __ groups that use violence as a method of Influence, Persuasion, or Intimidation in order to force its citizens into obedience, oppress minorities, and stifle political dissent. | Retributive terrorism |
| Cult terrorism are cults whos leaders demand that _______ prove their loyalty through violence or intimidation | Followers |
| Criminal Terrorism groups that become involved in common-law crimes such as _______ or even selling nuclear materials. | Drug Dealing and Kidnapping |
| Category I cases involve violations that are directly related to international terrorism such as the use of weapons or mass destruction, conspiracy to murder overseas, and __________. | bombing of public places |
| Category II cases include defendants charged with violating a variety of other statues where the investigation is linked to _______, such as fraud, immigration, firearms, drugs, false statements, and conspiracy. | international terrorism |
| After _______, the Supreme ruled that the due process clause of the 5th Amendment requires that U.S. citizens be given the opportunity to challenge their confinement. | 9/11 |
| The court has also decided that the federal courts have jurisdiction to hear ______ petitions from foreign nationals captured outside the United States. | Habeas Corpus |
| When predicting the future, several organizations are involved in _____and Forecasting. | long-range planning |
| The population is _____. | Aging |
| Surveillance technologies, _____ and DNA analysis will continue to evolve and improve. | Biometric tools |
| 93. The number of ___________ continues to grow. | Foreign- born Americans |
| 94. This _________ will exert pressures on criminal justice | Diversity |
| ___ practices will continue to gain steam as taxpayers increase their efforts to hold the government accountable for Spending | Evidence- based |
| Criminal justice agencies will be required to ______ with less funding. | do more |
| __ will continue to be challenged and international criminal syndicates will continue to pose threats. | Boundaries |
| Emerging industrial nations will continue to vie for ____ | Scarce resources |
| Critical criminologists and ______ have long called attention to a variety of environmental threats that they feel should be deemed criminal. | Environmental Activists |
| __Overdevelopment, population growth, and other changes will continue to bring these issues front and center. | Global warming |
| ___ is certain to impact crime and criminal justice. | Continued immigration |
| New laws continue to be passed and challenged concerning the criminal justice system and __________________. | Illegal Immigration |
Created by:
Jalessi