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SS 8
WWI Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What were the MAIN causes of World War I? | M-militarism A-alliances I- imperialism N-nationalism |
| What event triggered WWI? | The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
| What nations were on each side in WWI? | Allies- Britain, France, , Serbia, Russia- Later joined by Italy and US Central Powers- Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire |
| Where did most of the fighting on the western front take place during WWI? Why | -France and Belgium -Because of trench warfare, little advancement was made on either side |
| Why were the casualties so high compared to previous wars? | New technologies |
| What was the Lusitania? Why was it important? | -A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat and 128 Americans died. -The sinking turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war. |
| What were 5 new technologies that affected the war? | u-boats, airplanes, machine guns, tanks, poison gas, trench warfare all made war more deadly |
| Why did Russia drop out of WWI? What were the effects? | -It faced an internal revolution. -It broke up the Allies. |
| What was the Zimmerman Telegram? Why was it important? | -German Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram promising the Mexican President help if Mexico went to war with the U.S. -It was intercepted and decoded by the British, shocked the American public, which ultimately led them into the war. |
| How did entry into WWI change life in the US? | Women volunteered to serve, War Bonds (to raise money), War Industries Board (to produce war supplies), Civil Liberties attacked (Espionage and Sedition Acts), New Jobs, Great Migration, Women did "Men's Work", Red Scare, Racial Conflict |
| How did the involvement of the US change the events on the battlefield during WWI? | US troops were fresh and well rested and ended the long stalemate. |
| How did the Treaty of Versailles change the map of Europe and the Middle East? | The central powers, including Germany, lost much of their land. |
| How did the Treaty of Versailles treat Germany? How with this the treaty's failure. | 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Air force. 2) Germany had to repair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons. It was very punitive and Germany was not happy. Ultimately led to another World War. |
| League of Nations | An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace. |
| Neutrality | A position of not taking sides in a conflict- US did not want to take part in the war at the beginning |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo, started World War I. |
| General John Pershing | General of the American Expeditionary Force in WWI |
| Russian Revolution | Led to Russia withdrawing from WWI due to a communist takeover of their government |
| Battle of Somme | 20,000 British soldiers died here |
| Second Battle of the Marne | battle that was the turning point of the war |
| Armistice | An agreement to stop fighting |
| Flu Epidemic | 1918, extremely contagious, killed 30 million people world wide, spread by soldiers after WWI |
| Schneck v. United States | government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils |
| Central Powers | Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire |
| Allies | Britain, France, , Serbia, Russia- Later joined by Italy and US |
| Militarism | policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war |
| Alliances | agreements between nations to aid and protect one another |
| Imperialism | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. |
| Nationalism | A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country |
| Convoy | a guard that protects ships or troops |
| Trench Warfare | A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield, often caused stalemate and attrition. |
| Communism | A country totally controlled by the government |
| American Expeditionary Force | the U.S. forces, led by Gen. John Pershing, who fought with the allies in Europe during WWI |
| War Bonds | Certificates sold by the United States government to pay for the war. |
| War Industries Board | Government run program that set production goals, distributed war materials and set prices |
| Selective Service Act (Draft) | A law requiring people of a certain age to serve in the military |
| Sedition Act | Made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First Amendment. |
| Propaganda | Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. |
| Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan |
| 14 Points | (1918) President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars or to be peaceful. |
| Reparations | Payment for war damages |
| U Boats (German submarines) | A threat to ships and trade |
| Kaiser Wilhelm | German emporer during WWI who was miltaristic |
| Czar Nicolas II | Russian emporer during WWI |
| Charles T Schneck | general secretary of the U.S. Socialist Party, which opposed the implementation of a military draft in the country |
| Treaty of Versailles | The treaty at the end of the War, was punitive (punished) Germany for their role in the war |
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