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The heart and blood
week 10 a&P
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cardiac output is determined by | stroke volume and heart rate. |
| Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart? | blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions |
| Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of | vasodilation |
| The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is called | pulse pressure |
| Starling’s law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the | stronger the contraction |
| The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called | perfusion pressure. |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. | protein molecules present |
| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis |
| In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network. | vascular anastomoses |
| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | left atrium. |
| Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | receiving chambers |
| All of the following are granulocytes except | lymphocytes. |
| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called | semilunar valves. |
| Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | Valves. |
| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA node. |
| From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? | coronary arteries |
| The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot. | great saphenous vein |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | antigen |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia |
| A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) | ECG |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the | endothelium |
| Which sphincters function as regulatory valves that reduce the flow of blood through a network of capillaries when they contract and constrict the arterioles? | precapillary sphincters |
| The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is | hemoglobin |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. | systemic |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart? | sympathetic and parasympatheic |
| The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the | head, neck, and upper extremity. |
| The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a | E wave |
| The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium. |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale |
| The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the | pelvis |
| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? | tunica intima |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | capillaries |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin |
| Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood? | plasma |
| Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? | elastic arteries |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | hemocrit |
| Which of the following is not true of ventricles? | They are the pumping chambers of the heart, The myocardium of the ventricles is thicker than that of the atria, and The myocardium of the left ventricle is thicker than that of the right ventricle. |
| What is the functional significance of large areas of cardiac muscle being electrically coupled to form a single functional syncytium? | Because they form a syncytium, muscle cells can pass an action potential along a large area of the heart wall, stimulating contraction in each muscle fiber of the syncytium. |
| The vagus is said to act as a “brake” on the heart. This situation is called | vagal inhibition |
| Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called | inotropic factors |
| The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: | Hemodynamics. |
| The heart begins beating in the fetus at about what stage of development? | 4 weeks |
| _____, a natural constituent of blood, acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in vessels. | heparin |
| The physiological mechanism that dissolves clots is known as | Fibrinolysis. |
| A hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of: | Polycythemia |
| In the extrinsic pathway of stage 1 of the clotting mechanism, chemicals released from damaged tissues trigger the cascade of events that ultimately result in the formation of | prothrombin activator. |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin. |
| Blood pressure is measured with the aid of an apparatus known as a(n) | sphygmomanometer |
| both atria receive their blood supply from branches of the right and left coronary arteries. | false |
| the right coronary artery is dominant in about 50% of all hearts. | true |
| the more abundant blood supply goes to the myocardium of the left ventricle rather than the right ventricle. | true |
| only a few connections, or anastomoses, exist between the larger branches of the coronary arteries. | true |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hemocytometer |
| The mechanisms of which three hormones work together to regulate blood volume? | aldosterone, ANH, and ADH |
| All of the following are components critical to coagulation except | None of these: prothrombin. thrombin. fibrinogen. fibrin. |
| Blood volume per kilogram of body weight varies inversely with: | body fat |
| A disease that develops as a result of the reaction of a mother's Rh antibodies with her Rh-positive baby is | erythroblastosis fetalis. |
| has no mitochondria | erytrhrocytes |
| Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary valves | left atriium |
| Heasrt valve with 2 cusps | mitral valve |
| Which layer of blood vessels contain smooth muscle tissue | tunics media |
| The semilunar valves are closed when | ventricles are relaxing |
| Which vessel returns most of the blood from the heart to the right atrium | coronary sinus |
Created by:
cmartin0915