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physics 3rd 9 weeks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the product of the mass and the velocity of an object is called the | momentum |
| momentum is moving | inertia |
| the symbol for momentum is | P |
| the equation for momentum is | P=mv |
| the unit for momentum is | kg m/s |
| is momentum a vector or scalar quantity? | vector |
| according to the equation, momentum is directly proportional to the object's _____ and ______ | mass; velocity |
| this means that if either the object's mass or its velocity increases, its momentum | increases |
| in order to change an object's momentum, you need to change its velocity. changing velocity is acceleration. to accelerate an object you need a | net force |
| a force applied to an object for a certain period of time is called an | impulse |
| what is the symbol for impulse? | I |
| what is the equation for impulse? | I=Ft |
| what is the unit for impulse? | Ns |
| the more momentum an object has, the more impulse is needed to _____ it | stop |
| increasing the time to stop an object requires more or less force? | less |
| during a collision, is momentum conserved? | yes |
| is kinetic energy conserved? | no |
| which type of collision conserves momentum and kinetic energy? | elastic |
| which type of collision conserves momentum but not kinetic energy? | inelastic |
| during which type of collision do the colliding object stick together after the collision? | completely inelastic |
| elastic equation | m1v1i+m2v2i=m1v1f+m2v2f |
| inelastic equation | m1v1+m2v2=(m1+m2)v2 |
| using a force to move an object a certain distance is called | work |
| work equation is | W=Fd |
| the unit for work is a | Nm |
| a Nm is called a | joule |
| is work a vector or scalar quantity? | vector |
| if the object does not move, have you performed any work? | no |
| for work performed, force and distance are ________ proportional to each other | inversely |
| as distance goes up, the force required to do the same amount of work goes | down |
| in order to make work easier, force needs to be _____. one way to do this is to _______ the distance moved | lower; increase |
| what can be used to make work easier? | machine |
| with simple machines, the object that you are trying to move is called the ______ or _____. this is also called the ______ force-what the machine moves | load; resistance; output |
| the force that is applied to the simple machine is called the ______. this is also called the _____ force | effort; input |
| any sloping surface that is used to make work easier is an | inclined plane |
| 2 inclined planes back to back is a | wedge |
| an inclined plane wrapped around a rod in a spiral is a | screw |
| a bar that is supported at one place while a force is applied at another place is a | lever |
| a lever can be used to ____ or lift loads like a screwdriver can be used to pry lids off of cans | pry |
| a lever has a ______ which is the supported place | fulcrum |
| the distance from the fulcrum to the effort is called the effort | arm |
| the distance from the fulcrum to the load or resistance is called the load | arm |
| there are 3 different classes of levers based on the _______ of the fulcrum, effort, and load | position |
| first class levers have the ______ in the middle. an example would be a _______ | fulcrum; seesaw |
| second class levers have the _____ in the middle. an example would be a ________ | load; wheelbarrow |
| third class levers have the ______ in the middle. an example would be a ______ | effort; stapler |
| a grooved wheel and rope that can increase force, change the direction of the force, or both is a | pulley |
| several pulleys working together is a | system |
| a pulley that does not move is a _____ pulley | fixed |
| a pulley that moves is a _____ pulley | moveable |
| a combination of two different sized wheels that rotate together is a | wheel and axle |
| the ______ wheel of a vehicle is connected to the wheels of the car so turning the steering wheel turns the car | steering |
| a set of wheels with teeth is called | gears |
| bicycles uses wheels and axles and gears to increase | speed |
| machines can increase the force or increase the speed but ___ both at the same time | not |
| one way to measure how much easier a machine makes the work is by calculating the ________ of the machine | efficiency |
| efficiency is a ______ of the work that you put ____ the machine and the work that you get _____ of the machine | comparison; into; out |
| you can ____ get more work out of a machine than you put into it | never |
| efficiency= | (work out/work in) x 100% |
| another way to measure the effectiveness of a machine is to see how much the machine ______ the force needed | increase |
| the ratio of the output (resistance) force to the input (effort) force is called the | actual mechanical advantage (AMA) |
| the ratio of the effort distance to the resistance distance is called the | ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) |
| mechanical advantage is a ____ and does not have units | ratio |
| the ability to do work is called | energy |
| the unit for energy is _____(just like work) | joules |
| the work energy theorem states that the net ___ performed by the forces on an object equals the ______ in its ______ energy (energy in _____) | work; change; kinetic; motion |
| energy in motion is called | kinetic energy |
| what is the equation for kinetic energy? | KE=1/2mv^2 |
| stored energy is called | potential energy |
| potential energy due to an object's location is called the _______ potential energy | gravitational |
| what is the equation for gravitational potential energy? | GPE=mgh |
| the total of the kinetic and potential of an object when it is changing position is called | mechanical energy |
| the kinetic energy of ____ motion (the motion of atoms) is called _______ energy | atomic; thermal |
| the average thermal energy of the atoms or molecules is the | temperature |
| which temperature scale is based on the freezing point of water being 32 and the boiling point of water being 212? | Fahrenheit |
| which temperature scale is based on the freezing point of water being 0 and the boiling point of water being 100? | Celsius |
| which temperature is based on an absolute zero, the coldest temperature possible? | Kelvin |
| temperature is measured with a | thermometer |
| moving thermal energy is called | heat |
| the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one _____ of a _______ one degree celsius is called the _________ of the substance. the specific heat of water is 4.184J/gC. this is the definition and unit can use kilograms instead of grams | gram; substance; specific heat |
| the study of the relationships of work, heat, and energy is called | thermodynamics |
| the first law of thermodynamics is the law of _____ of energy which states that energy is neither ____ nor _____. it is converted from one _____ to another ______ | conservation; created; destroyed; form; form |
| according to the law of conservation of energy, heat lost by one substance is _____ to the heat gained by another substance. Q lost=Q gained | equal |
| as energy is converted from one form to another, some energy is "lost" by the system as _____ heat | waste |
| the second law of thermodynamics states that the _____ of any isolated system always ______ | entropy; increases |
| entropy is the amount of ______ of a system | disorder |
| in nature, disorder increases. energy is needed and work is performed to return things to | order |
Created by:
mjparrish