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Biology of Animals
Term and Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Invertebrate | cold-blooded animal with no backbone. |
| Adaptation | An anatomical structure, physiologic process, or behavioural trait that evolves by natural selection and improves an organism's ability to survive and to leave descendants. |
| Taxonomy | THE SCIENCE: Theory and practice of naming and classifying organisms. |
| Systematics | THE PROCESS: The classification of organisms into hierarchical series of groups. |
| Classification | THE RESULT: A hierarchy series of groups or taxa |
| Phylogeny | The evolutionary history of a group of organisms. |
| Species | Groups of actually or potential interbreeding natural populations genetically isolated from other groups by one or more reproductively isolating mechanisms |
| Phylum Porifera | Aquatic invertebrate animals that comprises the sponges. A group of animals that do not have any true tissues or organs. They have a collection of cells which can work together but also independently. 15,000 different species |
| Sessile | Stuck in the spot which they are grown. Fixed in one place - immobile. |
| Pinacocytes | one of the flat cells covering the external surface and lining the incurrent and excurrent canals of sponges |
| Porocytes | one of the large tubular cells that constitute the wall of the incurrent canals in some sponges. |
| Choanocytes | a flagellated cell with a collar of protoplasm at the base of the flagellum, numbers of which line the internal chambers of sponges. |
| Archaeocytes | amoeboid cells which match the same function as of containing high cytoplasmic content that helps the cells to morph according to their function. |
| Sclerocytes | secrete the minerals which create the spicules |
| Collencytes | secrete fibres and often form a net in the cytoplasm |
| Spongocytes | cell which gives sponges their flexibility. |
| Monoecious | Both sexes in the same individual |
| Asconoid | The simplest type of organization. Small and tube shaped, water enters the sponge through dermal pores and flows into the atrium. |
| Synoid | the simplest type of organization. Small and tube shaped, water enters the sponge through dermal pores and flows into the atrium. |
| Leuconod | most complex - not all the chambers are flagellated. Water flowing in through incurrent canals selectively pumped through those chambers which are, and expelled via one of a series of oscula. Leuconoid sponges are the best adapted to increase sponge size. |
| Parazoa | a group of invertebrate animals coextensive with Porifera and comprising multicellular forms that are essentially comparable to a gastrula in organization |
| Eumetazoa | a major division of the animal kingdom comprising all multicellular forms except the sponges |
| Gemmules | internal buds found in sponges and are involved in asexual reproduction |
| Phylum Cnidaria | includes soft-bodied stinging animals such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish |
| Diploblastic | having a body derived from only two embryonic cell layers (ectoderm and endoderm, but no mesoderm), as in sponges and coelenterates |
| Mesoglea | gelatinous substance between the endoderm and ectoderm of sponges or cnidarians. |
| Cnidocyte | an explosive cell containing one giant secretory organelle called a cnidocyst that can deliver a sting to other organisms. |
| Gastrodermis | the lining membrane of the alimentary tract of an invertebrate —used especially when the germ-layer origin is obscure. |
| Enteron | the digestive tract or system |
| Polymorphic | occurring in several different forms, in particular with reference to species or genetic variatio |
| Nematocyst | a specialized cell in the tentacles of a jellyfish or other coelenterate, containing a barbed or venomous coiled thread that can be projected in self-defence or to capture prey. |
| Class Scyphozoa | an exclusively marine class of the phylum Cnidaria, referred to as the true jellyfish (or "true jellies") |
| Class Hydrozoa | a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline water. |
| lass Anthozoa | a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline water. |
| Phylum Ctenophora | comb jelly fish phylum |
| Phylum Platyhelminthes |
Created by:
Falkorr