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8th Grade Unit 2
Unit 2 Vocabulary: Nutrition & Physical Activity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carbohydrates | nutrients that are the major source of energy for the body; can be found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products |
| protein | nutrient the body uses to build and maintain cells and tissues and provide energy; may also act as hormones or enzymes |
| fats | nutrients, largely made up of fatty acids, that provide a valuable source of energy for muscles and help in the absorption and transport of vitamins and nutrients |
| calories | a measure of energy the body gets from food (1 calorie is needed to bring 1 liter of water to 1 degree Celsius) |
| empty calories | supplies food energy but not nutrition; solid fats and added sugars; sodas, candy, junk food |
| dietary fiber | complex carbohydrate found only in plant-based foods; cannot be completely digested, but has many health benefits |
| digestion | the changing of food you eat into substances the body can use |
| vitamins | organic nutrients that promote growth and development, help regulate body processes, maintain healthy skin, and help the body release energy |
| minerals | inorganic nutrients absorbed from plants, water, and animal food sources |
| endurance exercise | benefits the heart and circulatory system |
| resistance exercise | benefits the skeletal system |
| flexibility | benefits the muscular system; warming up and cooling down prevents injury |
| energy | what is released when you burn food inside your body |
| frequency | how often you exercise |
| intensity | how hard you exercise |
| time | how long you exercise |
| type | what kind of exercise you do |
| nutrition facts label | FDA-required label on all packaged foods; contains information about serving size, number of servings, number of calories, amounts of different nutrients, and daily values for nutrients |
| nutrients | chemical substances that provide the nutrition essential for growth, energy, and function |
| metabolism | the rate at which your body uses energy to carry out basic physiological processes such as breathing, digesting, and growing |
| BMI (body mass index) | tool used to determine whether a person’s weight is healthy for that person’s height; BMI = weight (lbs)/height (in)2 × 703 |
| overweight | condition of excess body weight from fat, bone, muscle, water, or a combination of these factors |
| obesity | condition of excess body fat or excessive overweight |
| underweight | condition of a body weight that is too low compared with others of the same sex and age |
| body composition | ratio of the various components—fat, bone, and muscle—that make up the body; influenced by genetics, eating patterns, and physical activity |
| body-fat distribution | locations of fat deposits on a person’s body |
| “all-or-nothing” mind-set | way of thinking that classifies behaviors as either total successes or total failures |
| genetically modified organism (GMO | living thing with genetic material that has been altered through genetic engineering |
| nutrition | process of choosing and consuming food necessary for health and growth |
| nutrient-dense foods | foods that provide vitamins, minerals, and other substances that either contribute to adequate nutrition intake or have positive health effects; contain little or no saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium |
| body image | subjective mental image of one’s own body; established based on self-observation and the reactions of others |
| weight stigma | flawed belief that having a thinner body or lower weight is always better |
| muscle dysmorphia | disorder characterized by extreme concern with becoming more muscular |
| eating disorder | mental illness characterized by abnormal eating or disturbances in eating habits |
| Anorexia Nervosa | eating disorder characterized by severely restricted eating behaviors, intense body dissatisfaction, and low body weight |
| Bulimia Nervosa | eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of bingeing and purging (vomiting or using other methods to rid the body of food consumed) |
| Binge-eating disorder | eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of bingeing (consuming large amounts of food quickly and feeling out of control) |
| Avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) | eating disorder characterized by severely restricted eating behaviors without intense body dissatisfaction |
| Health-Related Fitness | type of physical fitness needed to perform daily activities with ease and energy (cardiorespiratory, endurance, resistance, and flexibility) |
| Skill-Related Fitness | the kind of fitness needed to perform successfully in a particular sport or leisure activity (speed, agility, balance, power, coordination, & reaction time |
Created by:
melissajaecks