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State Board Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The composition of soil is very important in the removal of both viruses and bacteria. What type of soil is most favorable for removal of viruses? | fine loamy sand over course sand and gravel |
| Which organism is most resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions and indicate past or possibly intermittent pollution? | clostridium sporulates |
| It is known that some common pathogenic organisms found in wastewater will survive more than ___blank__ of harsh temperature extremes. | 2 years |
| Human disease from aerosols of wastewater | is related primarily to wastewater treatment by the activated sludge, trickling filter, and spray irrigation process. |
| the ability of the soil to absorb and allow water and air to pass through is related to | chemical composition, texture, granular structure |
| Vegetative forms of Clostridium botullinum spores are killed in | 10 to 15 minutes at 176 degrees F |
| Hot water for the sanitizing of assembled equipment is not to be cooler than ____blank for blank minutes _ at the end of the system. | 170 degrees for 5 minutes |
| Listeriosis is a serious infection caused by food contaminated with | Listeria monocytogens |
| Strong emphasis is placed on the control of shellfish because | shellfish can transmit a number of infectious diseases such as dysentery, infectious hepatitis, cholera, and typhoid fever |
| Bacteria may be carried in the digestive system of the housefly for as long as | 4 weeks |
| What are the procedures for handling bodily fluids? | Contaminated surfaces/objects with bleach solution (1/4 liquid measuring cup of 6.5% bleach per gallon water) For pacifiers- 50ppm solution |
| Diaper changing areas must have (4 things) | 1. Table and pad in good condition adult height with railings. 2. Sink with hot water, soap, and paper towels 3. Bleach solution with at least 50 ppm made q 24h 4. Trash with lid and foot pedal |
| Toilet training chairs are not recommended but if used they must be | emptied in toilet, cleaned in utility sink, sanitized, and stored in bathroom |
| Daycare toilets/lavatory requirements (7 things) | 1. adequate number, 2, appropriate size, 3. open-front type seat, 4. presence of floor drains, 5. adequate ventilation, 6. soap and paper towels, 7. water not to exceed 120 |
| What should the temperature be in a daycare during the winter? Summer? | Winter-65-75 Summer 68-82 with 30-50% humidity |
| What are the lighting requirements for daycares work/play area? toilet rooms/hallways/stairways? Napping area? | work/play 50FC, toilet room/hallways/stairways 10 FC, Napping 5FC. Light shields in areas with children under 2 |
| How to find the volume of a cylinder | 3.1416 times Radius squared Times height |
| How to find cubic feet? | Length Times Width Times Height |
| What is the parasite in Shellfish? | Vibro Vulnificus |
| What is the slope for the last 10 feet of line preceding the septic tank? | must not exceed 1/4 inch per foot |
| What are the temperatures for parasite destruction by freezing? | -4 or below for 168 hours (7 days), -31 or below for 15 hours (blast freezer) |
| These foods must not be served to highly susceptible populations | raw seed sprouts, raw animal food, soft-cooked eggs/ meringue or partially cooked animal foods. |
| What is the light intensity for a walk-in cooler or dry storage? | 10 FC 30" above floor |
| What is the light intensity for self-service, handwashing, equipment storage, restrooms? | 20 FC 30" above floor |
| What is the definition of an imminent health risk? | a threat to health that is considered to exist when there is evidence sufficient to show that a product, practice, circumstance, or event creates a situation that requires immediate correction or cessation of operation to prevent injury or serious illness |
| What is an example of an imminent health risk? | Sewage is not disposed of through an approved sewerage system/facility (or, sewage is backing up into the establishment). |
| What steps should be taken if you find an imminent health risk? | The inspector can schedule the establishment for re-inspection the next day, at which time the violation must be corrected. |
| What should the ph of a swimming pool at a daycare be? | between 7.2 and 8.2 |
| What should the water temp be at a daycare pool? | between 82 and 93 F |
| Is Salmonella Typhi a bacteria or virus? give highlights | bacteria that causes diarrhea/cramps/fever, is transmitted person-to-person, linked with ready to eat food and beverages, symptoms begin 12 to 72 hours after infection |
| Is Hepatitis A a bacteria or virus? give highlights | virus that causes nausea/abdominal pain/fatigue, transmitted by human feces, linked to ready to eat food and shellfish from contaminated waters, symptoms don’t appear for a few weeks |
| What are some examples and symptoms of chemical contamination? | typically causes vomiting/diarrhea, caused by cleaners/sanitizers/polishes/kitchenware/deodorizers, most illnesses occur within minutes) |
| All establishments that serve raw oysters must display signs, menu notices, table tents, or other clearly visible messages at point of sale. What should it say? | THERE MAY BE A RISK ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMING RAW SHELLFISH AS IS THE CASE WITH OTHER RAW PROTEIN PRODUCTS. IF YOU SUFFER FROM CHRONIC ILLNESS OF THE LIVER, STOMACH OR BLOOD OR HAVE OTHER IMMUNE DISORDERS, YOU SHOULD EAT THESE PRODUCTS FULLY COOKED. |
| Water drawn from a swimming pool for filtration should come from: | both the surface and the deepest part of the pool |
| The usual median incubation period for staphylococcus intoxication is | between 2 & 4 hours |
| Because of the relationship of chlorine activity to pH, it may be said that generally: | the higher pH requires higher chlorine residual |
| What are some symptoms of chemical food poisoning? | nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, spasms or convulsions (generally not fever) |
| These may be classified as "food intoxications" (the ingestion of preformed toxins) | Botulism, Scombroid poisoning, Staphylococcus (salmonellosis does not produce toxins) |
| While salmonellosis infection and staphylococcus intoxication may have common symptoms, the intoxications do not generally show | fever |
| What is more important in the prevention of staphylococcus intoxication? | Effective refrigeration of freshly prepared moist foods |
| The symptoms of Clostridium perfringes food-borne illness are largely | abdominal pains and diarrhea |
| What are the objectives of investigations of food borne illness? | determine the responsible meal, food, and the nature and source of contamination |
| Which bacteria has been reported to multiply and produce a toxin at the lowest temp? | Clostridium botulinum |
| The three essentials for combustion in an incinerator are | time, temperature and turbulence |
| Hazardous waste is governed by the | resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA) |
| What are the characteristics of hazardous waste? | ignitability, corrosivity, and reactivity (not combustibility) |
| Oysters grow best in water with a salinity of | 0.24 to 0.27 |
| Oyster grow best at what pH and temperature? | 6.2 to 6.8 and 41 F |
| The recommended and most effective method of maintaining pool water quality is | continuous recirculation, chlorination, and filtration |
| A pH between __blank__ and __blank__ is optimal pH control for eye irritation, but not optimal for chlorine effectiveness. | 7.5-7.6 |
| What is the goal of Environmental Health Programs? (3) | Prevent disease and death, Control or eliminate hazardous conditions, Maintain the environment for everyone |
| Survival of pathogenic organisms found in the soil depends on (3) | pH, Moisture content, soil temp |
| What is the most effective fast-acting rodenticide | Sodium fluoroacetate |
| What is the usual amount of time a rodenticide is left out | 1 to 3 days |
| What is considered a single dose rodenticide | ANTU, Strychnine, Red Squill (not Warfarrin) |
| What is the average time for an anti-coagulant type rodenticide to be effective? | two weeks |
| The agent responsible for amebic dysentery is | Entamoeba histolytica |
| The agent responsible for Q fever is | Coxiella burnetti |
| brio comma is the specific agent for the disease | Cholera |
| What is the incubation period for the bubonic plaque? | 2 to 6 days |
| The federal authority to regulate hazardous waste originated with the | resource conservation and recovery act of 1976 |
| The Louisiana hazardous regulations were first promulgated on | August 1, 1979 |
| How many square feet are in an acre? | 43560 |
| What four things must be on a label? | Name of product, ingredients in order, net weight/content, name and address of person |
| How to find the volume of a cone? | Length times Width times Length times depth |
| 4 big pathogens | Shigella, Hepatitis A, E. Coli 0157:H7, Salmonella typhi |
| What is the minimum chloride reading in a noncommunity/community water supply? | .5 ppm |
| What should a HACCP plan contain? (5things) | 1. Categorization of potentially hazardous food. 2. flow diagram identifying critical control points. 3. supervisory training plan. 4. statement of standard operating procedures. 5. data or other information supporting that food safety is not compromised |
| What chemical is in the water test bottle? | Sodium thiosulfate |
| To prepare a solution of 100 mg per liter available chlorine, blank______ of 5.25 percent bleach with one gallon of water should be used. | 0.25 oz |
| Swimming pool water clarity is measured in terms of | Sacchi readings |
| The rate of filtration should be ___blank____ for a diatomite filter. | 1 to 2 gmp/ft2 |
| Swimmers itch is also known as | schistosomiasis |
| A quantity of ____blank___ liquid bleach (household) can be used to treat 1,000 gallons of water for drinking | 1 pint |
| HAZWOPER requirements apply to | voluntary clean-ups at controlled hazardous waste sites |
| OSHA regulations other than HAZWOPER apply to emergency response and hazardous waste operations if they are | more stringent |
| Food poisoning from Staphylococcus aureus can be prevented by | thoroughly cooking foods that have been properly handled and then through appropriate time temperature control of the finished product. |
| Which diseases would the collection and laboratory examination of vomitus be most indicated? | Staphylococcus intoxication and metal poisoning |
| Collection of stool specimens from victims is indicated in foodborne outbreaks in: | shigellosis, salmonellosis, staphylococcal intoxication, and clostridium perfringens. |
| The resistance of microorganisms varies with: | genus, species, strain |
| What factors affect the heat resistance of bacteria? | age, medium, and shape |
| Thermal death depends upon | heat resistance of organism, nature of medium, and the number of vegetative cells or spores |
| The causative organism, vibro comma, causes what disease in man? | cholera |
| Which shigellae species produces an exotoxin | Dysenteriae |
| What intestinal pathogen causes typhoid fever? | salmonelle typhosa |
| Which type of Clostridium botulinum rarely causes human botulism? | F |
| Which food-borne agent produces symptoms about 2-3 hours after ingestion? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Which food-borne agent produces symptoms about 3-6 days after ingestion? | Clostridium botulinum |
| Which organism is resistant to chlorination treatments? | Entomoeba histolytica |
| During the pasteurization process of milk, milk is held at __blank_______ for ___blank_____ minutes or | 145, 30 or 280 for 2 seconds |
| Pasteurization time and temp for ice cream | 155 for 30 minutes |
| What type of clostridium botulinum is associated with waters in fishing areas? | E |
| The presence of staphylococci in fish would probably be due to the fact that | it was caused by worker contamination |
| Which organism will multiply below 40? | Clostridium botulinum Type E |
| Who is the regulatory agency for the shellfish industry? | PHS |
| What will be destroyed by heating to 170? | serratia marcesens |
| What diseases would not be found in milk? | cholera |
| Which contaminant of milk is not removed by pasteurization? | toxins of staphylococcus aureus |
| Heated water is water heated to a temperature of not less than _blank___ at the outlet | 120 |
| What should the recommended minimum water quality for a school building with a cafeteria, gym and showers? | 25 GPD/person |
| Which of the following is a method in which recreational waters may be contaminated? | infected people, surface runoff, normal water flora |
| What is the primary reason for the pH of swimming pool water should stay less than 8.0? | Decreases the amount of active chlorine available |
| The acid-alkalinity balance affects all of these | water coagulation, eye irritation, disinfection with chlorine |
| Which chemical raises the pH of pool water? | sodium carbonate |
| Algae development in pools will cause: | reduced water clarity, increased chlorine consumption, slimy growth on walls and floors of pool |
| What is considered the preferred treatment for algae control | superchlorination |
| What type of wading pool is considered to be the safest and the cleanest | spray with open draw |
| What is considered to be the best single strength measure of wastewater polluted water containing degradable wastes? | 5 day BOD |
| What is not a factor in the satisfactory operation of a septic tank sand filter system? | ratio of septic tank size to sand filter size |
| According to the safe drinking water act of 1974, what is the allowable limit for total dissolved solids as a contaminant? | 500 mg/L |
| What is the most important factor governing the quantity and kind of minerals dissolved in water? | the type of soils and rocks the water has contacted |
| The mineral almost universally found in natural waters that contribute to the hardness of water are | calcium and magnesium |
| The measure of the amount of oxygen required to remove organic waste from water through decomposition by aerobic bacteria is called | biochemical oxygen demand-BOD |
| What are the time and temperature requirements for garbage to be used as food for hogs? | 212 F for 30 minutes |
| Sedimentation of sewage is usually accomplished by | reducing the velocity of flow |
| The most important organisms that make up the flora of a trickling filter bed are | aerobic bacteria |
| The use of activated sludge method of sewage treatment depends on | continuous mixing of aerated sludge and settled sewage |
| How many acres of pond would area would be required for a stabilization pond for a town? | 1 acre per 1000 people |
| Oxidation ponds operate on the principal of | algae furnishing oxygen for aerobic action |
| What intestinal pathogen causes typhoid fever? | Salmonella typhosa |
| Secretary of LDH | Bruce Greenstein |
| State Health officer | Evelyn Griffin |
| Sanitarian Director | Greg Richard |
| Sanitarian Chief (field operations) | Lauren Comeaux |
| Sanitarian Program Administrator (field operations) | Keenon Glover |
| What does HACCP stand for and when is it used? | Hazard analysis critical control point. A systematic preventative approach to food safety from biological, chemical, and physical hazards in production process that could cause products to be unsafe |
| In a stratified reservoir the best quality water is usually contained in the zone called | metalimnion |
| Hydrogen sulfide can be fatal at exposure of | 300ppm |
| The most practical method of removing nitrates from water is | ion exchange |
| Common causes of failure of septic tank seepage field systems include | improper sizing, nonsuitable soil, nonservicing, and leaking fixtures |
| The FDA action level for aflatoxins in milk shipped in interstate commerce is | 0.5 ppb |
| How to convert from Fahrenheit to Centigrade? | F minus 32 divided by 1.8 |
| What part of the code is the Sanitary code? | 51 |
| Blood bank refrigerators shall be kept clean and maintained at a temperature of ___blank to blank __ - _____ F or __blank to blank____- _____ C provided with an alarm and used for blood storage only. | 33.8 to 42.8 F or 1 to 6 C |
| For nursing home patients with or suspected of having tuberculosis in a communicable state must be cared for in an isolation room with ___blank____ air pressure. | negative |
| What are requirements for nursing home patient rooms? | institutional grab bars at water closets, light switches that are placed that they cannot be reached from bath or shower |
| _blank_____ Sheets shall be provided for nursing home residents bedding. | rubber |
| What is the minimum square footage necessary for a piece of property to be in order to perform a soil percolation test? | 22,500 |
| Sprinkler heads for a spray irrigation system must be spaces a minimum of how many feet apart? | 40 |
| Lighting in nursing homes: ___blank_ stairways, halls, rooms, __blank_____ areas used for reading or close work | 10, 30 |
| Calculation for the amount of bleach to produce a certain ppm | Step 1: gallons Times ppm divided by 1,000,000 Step 2: Bleach is only 5.25% chlorine so take your answer divided by 0.0525 |
| In general, public health should be concerned with all of the following | health service system, health behavior and motivation, environmental hazards. |
| What is the term given to an organization wherein lines of authority and responsibility run upward and downward through several levels with a broad functional base at the bottom and a single executive head at the top? | scalar process |
| What are the organizational levels of public health programs and agencies? | policy making, administrative, and functional |
| Generally speaking, the supervision of public water supplies and sewerage systems and the prevention of stream pollution are responsibilities of | state governments, federal governments, and EPA |
| In order to achieve a conviction for failure to obey a violation order: | it must be shown that statutory authority of issuance of the order exists, the defendant had notice, the defendant failed to heed the notice |
| What can be done to make water safer from the effects of raw sewage? | digestion of sludge through anaerobic microorganisms, processing of the sludge to a powder which serves as a fertilizer, filtration of residual oxidized fluid. ( not adding minerals to eliminate microorganisms) |
| What are some factors affection to the bacterial flora of finished powder milk? | plant sanitation, pre-heating temperature, and number of bacteria in raw milk. |
| What contaminants of milk cannot be removed in the pasteurization process | staphylococcus aureus, e coli, and toxins of staphylococcus aureus |
| What should be considered in a sanitary survey for a swimming pool? | epidemiological data linking illness to the bathing area, meteorological factors, and water circulation and dilution |
| What chemical is normally added to adjust the alkalinity in swimming pools? | sodium carbonate |
| Which pH would cause eye irritation in most individuals? | 7.0 or lower |
| What is the primary reason the pH of swimming pool water should stay less than 8.0 | decreases the amount of active chloride available |
| The chemical quality of pool water is generally measured by which two test | pH and chlorine residual |
| Acid-Alkalinity balance affects | water coagulation, eye irritation and disinfection with chlorine |
| Vegetables to be stored under refrigerated conditions should be stored at what temp and humidity? | 35-45 and 85-95% |
| What causes undulant fever in man? | brucella abortus, suis, and melitensis |
| Which shigellae species produces an exotoxin? | dysenteriae |
| What increases the chance of pollution travel | lack of organic material, acidic soil, lack of iron, manganese, and calcium |
| What two factors determine the groundwater contamination potential from septic tank | soil characteristics and depth to groundwater |
| The detention time for large septic tanks should be not less than | 12 hours |
| What chlorine compound is usually produced in the conventional chlorination of sewage effluent | monochloramine |
| What factors affect bacterial multiplication | inhibitors, oxygen tension, initial inoculum |
| Thermophilic bacteria have and optimum temperature range of | 113-140 |
| Mesophilic bacteria have optimum growth temperature at | 68-113 |
| Drinking water has frequently been implicated as a vehicle of transmission of typhoid bacilli. The source of this contamination in water is: | always human |
| Which contamination in water has been associated with methemoglobinemia? | nitrates |
| What is commonly used to remove undesirable odors and tastes from water supplies? zeolite agents, chlorine compounds, activated carbon filters or all of them | all of them |
| What is the primary purpose of rapid filtration and coagulation in the water treatment process to remove? | remove turbidity |
| What disease is caused by Bacilli? | Food poisoning |
| What disease is caused by Vibrio? | cholera |
| What disease is caused by Staphylococci? | scarlet fever |
| What disease is caused by Spirochete? | syphilis |
| What disease is caused by Diplococci? | gonorrhea |
| What disease is caused by Fungi? | histoplasmosis |
| What disease is caused by Roundworm? | trichinosis |
| What disease is caused by virus? | rabies |
| If a water sample exceeds an MCL, whose responsibility is it to notify the consumer? | the state |
| Examples of waterborne diseases are: | typhoid fever, infectious hepatitis, and cholera |
| How does temperature affect trihalomethane concentrations in treated drinking water? | concentrations increase in higher temps |
| Fomites may be important in certain types of disease because | they are inanimate objects which may indirectly transmit disease organisms |
| One cubic foot of water holds how many gallons? | 7.5 |
| One gallon of water weighs how many pounds? | 8.34 |
| Convert C to F | C times 1.8 plus 32 |
| The final product in the biochemical oxidation of ammonia yields | nitrate |
| Where a community sewerage system is not available, structures occupied three days a week or less, and located in a marsh/swamp area or over water, may utilize a limited use sewerage system comprised of ___ | any system tank system with an automatic chlorination device, a septic tank system consisting of three septic tanks in series, and tanks which are set below the normal high water |
| A problem with the presence of a high iron concentration in drinking water is | color, odor, red water |
| What type of treatment should be given when a well produces red water? | filtration, pH adjustment, aeration |
| What kills infectious hepatitis? | heat-185 F or 85 C, chlorination, NOT freezing |
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