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Unit 5 Genetics
Review of vocab and content
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| classify | to group according to differences and similarities |
| trait | a characteristic that makes one thing different from another |
| variation | the differences in traits in individuals of the same species |
| phenotype | the physical appearance or way an organism looks for a specific trait |
| offspring | the young of an animal, plant, person |
| chromosomes | physical structures passed from parent to offspring in the sperm and egg cells |
| gene | basic unit of heredity that determines an organisms traits |
| genotype | the inner genetic information that determines the outer appearance |
| allele | different forms of a gene |
| genetic modification | when genes are purposely changed by scientists |
| mutation | a change in a gene that was not there before and could be passed on to future offspring |
| myostatin | the protein responsible for muscle cell formation in animals |
| dominant allele | the allele that overpowers the other and shows that trait in the organism |
| recessive allele | allele hidden by the dominant allele if it is present and can only show up on the organism when it is paired with another recessive allele |
| homozygous dominant | an allele pair of the dominant allele (MM) |
| homozygous recessive | an allele pair of the recessive allele (mm) |
| heterozygous | an allele pair of one dominant and one recessive allele (Mm) |
| zygote | the earliest period of development occurring right after the egg gets fertilized |
| selective breeding | intentionally breeding a male and female with desirable traits in order to produce those traits in their offspring |
| asexual reproduction | when one organism clones its DNA to create an identical offspring |
| Punnett Square | a grid used to show all the possible genotypes of offspring created by sexual reproduction |
| organism | any living thing |
| pedigree | an organized model that shows biological relationships |
| sexual reproduction | when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell and DNA is combined |
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