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BMOD 2: Data 1
BMOD 2: Data
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is behavioural assessment? | the collection and analysis of information and data in order to identify and describe: (a) target behavior (b) causes of the behavior (c) treatment strategies; and (d) treatment outcome. |
| What are the five phases of a program in behaviour modification? | (a) screening/intake (b) defining-the-target-behavior (c) baseline-assessment (d) treatment (e) follow-up |
| Specify the five purposes of the intake phase of a behaviour modification program. | 1. determine plan appropriateness 2. inform client of policies and procedures, 3. screen for crisis condition, 4. gain a diagnosis. 5. Get information to determine target behaviour |
| What is a prerequisite to the design and implementation of behaviour modification programs? | Defining target behaviors clearly, completely, and in measurable terms |
| What are the three categories of behavioural assessment procedures for collecting information to define and measure target behaviours? | indirect, direct, and experimental. |
| Compare and contrast indirect and direct behavioural assessment procedures | indirect procedures - researchers are not present for behaviour and instead take reports direct procedures - observer directly observes and records behaviours in the settings they occur. |
| Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each, what are the reasons for selecting direct versus indirect behavioural assessment procedures? | direct procedures are more accurate |
| Describe the four types of indirect behavioural assessment procedures. | Interviews, Questionnaires, Role Playing, Client Self-monitoring |
| Describe the questionnaires used as a part of indirect behavioural assessment procedures. | Life history Self-report problem checklists Survey schedules Third-party behavioral checklists or rating scales |
| Describe experimental assessment procedures. | reveal the environmental causes of problem behavior to reduce or remove these causes. |
| Describe the seven characteristics of different measures of behaviour to be measured and recorded | topography, frequency or rate, duration, intensity, stimulus control, latency, and quality. |
| Provide and recognize original examples of instances in which behavioural intensity would be measured and recorded. | speed of that Yuji Nishida spikes volleyball volume of baby crying |
| What is stimulus control, and how is it measured? | the degree of correlation between the occurrence of a given event and a response quickly following that event eg. red light and stopping. answering questions in a test. |
| What is the latency of behaviour, and how is it measured? | reaction time |
| What is meant by the quality of behaviour? | a subjective judgement on the refinement of a behaviour |
| What is the problem associated with observing and recording each instance of behaviour whenever it occurs? What is the alternative? | It is time intensive and may require another observer. Counting beans, golf counter, calculator pressing +1 |
| Identify the three basic techniques for recording behaviour during a specific period of observation. Be able to provide and recognize novel instances of each technique. | -continuous recording, -interval recording, and -time-sampling recording. |
| Describe how it is possible to combine interval and time-sampling recording methods. | dividing a time sampling interval into another interval period |
| Describe the use of computers in data collection for behavioural assessment. | Wearable trackers, apps can record data. |
| List the five sources of inaccuracy in behavioural observations. | response definition observational situation observer data sheets recording procedures |
| What is an interobserver agreement (IOA) estimate? | how closely the records of two separate recorders agree. |
| Give examples of how IOR is recorded | Two observers record observations of the same behavior during a session independently IOA/IOR how closely will their scores compare? |
| What are the six reasons for collecting and using data in behavioural assessment? | To find out 1. if the recorder a good match 2. if baseline confirms that the behaviour is occurring 3. the causes of behaviour during baseline measurement 4. to ensure the program matches the behaviour 5. to provide a visual reward for modifiers 6. |
| What is reactivity? | observers tend to be less accurate if they are unaware they are being monitored. |
| How did Ernest Hemmingway and Irving Wallace use self-recording to assist them in maintaining their writing output? | Ernest Hemingway used self-recording to help maintain his literary output. Wallace mainta |
| What is the purpose of behaviour checklists used in specific sports? | provide information to design interventions and remediate deficits |
| What has evidence shown regarding behaviour checklists used in sports? | high test-retest reliability and high-face validity |
| Define and compare and contrast obtrusive observation and unobtrusive observation. | obtrusive - the observational method affects the behaviours being observed unobtrusive - observation methods do not cause a deviation of behaviour |
| Under what conditions can interobserver agreement on a blank interval be misleading? Explain | When the recorded values are low, it can give the impression that there was more agreement than there was. |
| Describe the nature and purposes of the Pre-Program or Baseline-Assessment phase. | to: (a) determine the behaviour level prior to treatment (b) analyze the individual’s current environment to identify possible controlling variables. |
| indirect assessment procedures and their advantages and disadvantages | the behaviour modifier does not see the behaviour. Advantages: convenient, low on time, also can assess covert behaviours Disadvantages: may get inaccurate, or bias data. some data might be forgotten |
| Continuous recording | or event-frequency. The recording of every instance of a behavior during a designated observation period |
| Interval recording | registers the target behavior as either occurring or not occurring during short intervals of equal duration—e.g., intervals of 10 seconds |
| Partial-interval recording: | recording once per interval the behaviour occured regardless of how often it happened. |
| Whole-interval recording | behaviour is only recorded if the behavior persists throughout the entire interval. |
| time-sampling recording | marks behaviour during specific intervals during a much longer interval. (eg. For 5 minutes every hour during school) |
| momentary time sampling | determined by an actual time not an interval of time. |
| five categories of error that can affect the accuracy of observations. | - response definition might be vague, subjective, or incomplete - difficulties observing the behaviour - poorly trained observer - poorly set out data sheets - poor recording procedures |
| five sources of bias and artifact that can influence an observer | reactivity, observer drift, observer expectancy, feedback, and complexity |
| Observer drift | how an observer’s definition of the target behavior gradually shifts from the observers original definition |
| Observer expectancy | the tendency for the observations to inaccurately show improvement because the observer expects the behavior to improve. |
| Feedback (in relation to bias that can influence an observer) | positive or negative feedback from their supervisor inadvertently changes recording |
| complexity | - when the target response has many parts or - the observer is required to observe multiple behaviors at the same time. |
| Direct procedures and their advantages and disadvantages | direct procedures - observer directly observes and records behaviours in the settings they occur. advantages - accuracy disadvantages - time consuming, require trained observers, cannot monitor covert behaviours |
| By convention, what levels of IOA are considered acceptable? | 80-100% |
| how is a frequency ratio calculated for IOA | two observers record their findings and if different divide the smaller by the larger and multiplying by 100% aka total agreement index. |
| how is partial-interval recording calculated for IOA | two observers record their findings for a partial-interval - the agreement in records are tallied. - The smaller number is then divided by the larger number and multiplied by 100 |
| Procedural reliability | how often the components of the treatments were carried out correctly |
| How is procedural reliability calculated. | a percentage of instances the components were carried out correctly relative to total incidents. (best practices 95%) aka treatment integrity |
Created by:
HarleeM