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Ulster Plantation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who planted the Ulster plantation? | King James l |
| What were the 3 types of people in Ireland in 1500s? | The Gaelic Irish, the Old English and the Anglo-Irish |
| Who were the Gaelic Irish? | The Gaelic chieftains who followed Irish law (known as Brehon law) |
| What was Brehon law? | Gaelic Irish laws dating from the Iron Age |
| Who were the Anglo-Irish? | Descendents of the Anglo Normans who had invaded Ireland in the 12th century |
| Who were the Old English? | People living in the Pale who were loyal to the king |
| What were the plantations? | When Irish land was confiscated by the English Crown and then colonised by British settlers |
| Why did the English want to conquer Ireland? | To expand territory, spread English customs+cultures+laws, spread new religion, prevent the Catholic Gaelic Irish allying, prevent rebellions and save money |
| What was surrender and regrant? | The Anglo-Irish and gaelic Irish rulers were to surrender themselves and their lands to Henry Vlll, and he would grant their land back to them along with an English title |
| What were the terms of surrender and regrant? | Titles like earl and baron were given, land could be confiscated, The king was seen as king of Ireland, land was now passed directly from father to son, and this led to increased wealth and power for some families. |
| What was succession | When land was passed directly from father to son (it was an English system) |
| What were planters and what did they do? | They were new settlers on the land, they would spread English customs, laws, religion and defend the land from the gaelic Irish |
| Name 2 other plantations besides from the ulster plantation? | The Laois-Offaly Plantation (Queen Mary l), the Munster plantation (Queen Elizabeth l) |
| Who were Andventurers? | Men who claimed to be Descendents of the early Normans who had been granted land in Munster by Henry ll |
| Who were presidents? | Men who imposed English law, the English language and the Protestant religion |
| Who were undertakers? | Men who undertook (agreed) to do as they were told with he land given to them |
| How did the Ulster plantation start? | Elizabeth l wanted to control ulster by giving H. O’Neill a title. But when she planted adventurers they got angry. They asked Philip of Spain to defend Ulster from Protestantism. He sent no troops, but the chiefs rebelled in 1594 regardless. |
| What happened in the Nine Years War? | (1594- 1603). Gaelic clans fought against English. O’Neill won battles including the battle of Yellow Ford, which made others rebel. K.Philip changed his mind and sent 4000 soldiers. They landed at Kinsale, Cork but were captured(1601). |
| What battle were ONeill and ODonnell defeated at when trying to help the Spanish help? | The Battle of Kinsale (1601) |
| What ended the Nine Years War? | The treaty of Mellifont was signed (1603) by Gaelic clans and English to stop the war. This didn’t stop the English from trying to control ulster. |
| What and when was the Flight of the Earls? | When O’Neill and other ulster chiefs fled for Europe in 1607, hoping to return with troops to fight the English. |
| Why did the flight of the earls make it easier for English to invade? | Because without the chiefs, there was no one to organise resistance against the English in Ulster. |
| When Queen Elizabeth l died, who succeeded her? And what did he do? | James l organised the ulster plantation |
| When did the ulster plantation begin? | 1609 |
| Which counties did the ulster plantation cover? | Derry, Donegal, Tyrone, Armagh, Cavan and Fermanagh |
| How was the building of it different to other plantations? | The land was divided into smaller estates than Munster, none were more than 2000 acres. The rules for planters were much stricter than the others. |
| What were the 3 types of planter? | Servitor, Loyal Irish and Undertakers |
| What were Servitors? What did they get? | English or Scottish soldiers who had fought for the English crown. 13% of land went to servitors and they had to pay the crown £8 per year. They could have Irish tenants, but had to have strict control over them. |
| Who were the loyal Irish? What did they get? | They were native Irish who had stayed loyal to the English during the Nine Years War. They got around 14% of land, (1000acres e) and payed £10 annually. They were allowed Irish tenants. Servitors kept an eye on them for the crown |
| What did the undertakers get? | They got the largest part of the plantation. They payed £5per acre annually. They built castles or stone houses with a courtyard around them. They could only have English or Scottish tenants. |
| What happened to Derry? | Derry was reserved for London craft guilds. There were areas for a specific craft. They built 2 large towns: Derry, and Coleraine. The gaelic Irish who lived in Derry were forced to live outside the town walls in a boggy area: the Bogside |
| What were the results of the ulster plantation? | Ulster more successful than other plantations, big numbers of English/Scottish settlers, became the plantation most loyal to crown, Protestant population grew, religious divide grew, rebellions continued, new English style towns, crop farming and markets |
| Another result of the plantations was Oliver Cromwell coming to re conquer Ireland and confiscate more land. What did he do? | Ulster Protestants were killed in a rebellion in 1641, Cromwell arrived to avenge them and end the rebellion. He reconquered Ireland, executed rebel leaders, o fiscales Catholic land and gave it to prods, dispossessing catholics. By 1652 no Catholic land |
| Protestants had 85% of land, and to keep this land, they introduced the Penal Laws. What were they? When were they introduced? | They were laws which suppressed the status of catholics in Ireland. This made it very difficult to escape poverty. They were introduced in 1603 after the war. |
| What did the penal laws do to Irish identity? | They shaped who people supported politically, for centuries to come. |
| What happened once the gaelic chieftains lost their power? | The gaelic culture and language declined, and the east mostly spoke English. By 1700s english was the language of trade and power. |
Created by:
KMcBride007