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GCSE Enzymes 1
Digestive Enzymes and Food Tests
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 types of digestive enzymes | carbohydrases, proteases and lipases |
| Example of a carbohydrase enzyme | amylase |
| where is amylase made | salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine |
| what are carbohydrates such as starch broken down into | simple sugars such as glucose |
| where are proteases made | stomach, pancreas and small intestine |
| what are the products of protein digestion | amino acids |
| where do proteases work | stomach and small intestine |
| what are the products of lipid digestion | glycerol and fatty acids |
| where are lipases made | pancreas and small intestine |
| where is bile made | liver |
| where is bile stored | gall bladder |
| 2 functions of bile | neutralises HCl from stomach acid and emulsifies fats |
| what does it mean to emulsify fats | break the fats into tiny droplets |
| why does emulsification of fats make digestion faster | gives a bigger surface area for lipase enzymes to work on |
| why is it important that bile is alkaline | to neutralise stomach acid and create optimum conditions for enzymes in small intestine |
| test for starch | add iodine solution |
| colour change in iodine solution if starch is present | browny-orange to black or blue-black |
| test for presence of proteins | biuret test |
| colour change in test solution if protein present | blue to purple |
| test for lipids | Sudan 111 |
| result of Sudan 111 test if lipid present | mixture will separate into 2 layers, top one is red |
| test for presence of reducing sugars | Benedict's Test |
| normal colour for Benedict's solution | blue |
| order of colour changes when different amounts of sugar are present | blue to green to yellow to brick red with increasing amounts of sugar |
| protease found in the stomach | pepsin |
| where does the gall bladder release bile into | small intestine |
| where does absorption of products of digestion happen | small intestine |
| functions of hydrochloric acid | kill bacteria, make acidic conditions for pepsin, works best at pH2 |
| function of digestion | break big molecules into smaller ones that can easily be absorbed |
| sugar that is made when amylase catalyses breakdown of starch | maltose |