All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin)

The ability to produce new and valuable ideas

Narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

Expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier - but also more error-prone - use of heuristics

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than an algorithm

A sudden realization of a problem's solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

In cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, an obstacle to problem solving

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

Representativeness heuristic

Estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information

Availability heuristic

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory, if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are ocmmon

The tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments

Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discarded

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is worded can significantly affect decisions and judgments

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Unit 7 Vocab Quiz 3

Term	Definition
Cognition	All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Concept	A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Prototype	A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin)
Creativity	The ability to produce new and valuable ideas
Convergent thinking	Narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
Divergent thinking	Expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions
Algorithm	A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier - but also more error-prone - use of heuristics
Heuristic	A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than an algorithm
Insight	A sudden realization of a problem's solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions
Confirmation bias	A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
Fixation	In cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, an obstacle to problem solving
Mental set	A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
Intuition	An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
Representativeness heuristic	Estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information
Availability heuristic	Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory, if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are ocmmon
Overconfidence	The tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
Belief perseverance	Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discarded
Framing	The way an issue is posed; how an issue is worded can significantly affect decisions and judgments

Created by: ameliachen

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