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Ch. 11/12 Test [MCC
| Question/Term | Answer/Definition |
|---|---|
| Subjunctive Formation: | Present Tense |
| Start with the YO stem of a verb in the present indicative tense and add the opposite vowel endings. | 1. Start with YO. 2. Drop the -o. 3. Add the opposite vowel endings. h͟a͟c͟e͟r͟ hag ̶o̶ (tú) hagas |
| -͟A͟R͟ ͟V͟e͟r͟b͟s͟ | * -e -es * -e -emos -en |
| -͟E͟R͟/͟I͟R͟ ͟V͟E͟R͟B͟S͟ | * -a -as * -a -amos -an |
| *Nosotros subjunctive forms do not stem-change. However, '-IR' verbs that stem-change in the present tense take the vowel change {e-i} and {o-u}: durmanos, pidamos, sirvamos, nos divirtamos | *spelling changes: -gar verbs change to "gue" (paguen) -car verbs change to "que" (saquemos) -zar verbs change to - ce - (empieces) -ger/gir verbs change to "j" (elija) -cer/cir verbs change to "zc" (conozcan) |
| *There are 6 irregulars: REMEMBER 'DISHES' | doy|DAR: dé, des, dé, demos, den voy|IR: vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan soy|SER: sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean hay|HABER: haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan estoy|ESTAR: esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén se|SABER: sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sep |
| SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION: | PAST TENSE |
| Start with the 3rd person preterite form (ellos). Chop off the -RON. Add the following endings (the cheer!). | -͟A͟R͟/͟E͟R͟/͟I͟R͟ -ra -ras -ra -'ramos -ran Ex.: comieron - comie-yo comiera; hablaron - habla-tú hablaras |
| ALL PAST SUBJUNCTIVE FOLLOWS THIS RULE.. THE IRRUGLAR PRETERITE VERBS HAVE THE SAME STEMS IN THE PAST SUBJUNCTIVE. | Ir/ser: fuera, fueras, fuera, fuéramos, fueran Dar: diera, dieras, diera, diéramos, dieran Ver: viera, vieras, viera, viéramos, vieran Tener: tuviera, tuvieras, tuviera, tuviéramos, tuvieran Estar: estuviera, estuvieras, estuviera, estuviéramos, - |
| (cont.) Part 1 of 3 | estuvieran Andar: anduviera, anduvieras, anduviera, anduviéramos, anduvieran Hacer: hiciera, hicieras, hiciera, hiciéramos, hicieran Querer: quisiera, quisieras, quisiera, quisiéramos, quisieran Venir: viniera, vinieras, viniera, viniéramos, |
| (cont.) Part 2 of 3 | vinieran Poder: pudiera, pudieras, pudiera, pudiéramos, pudieran Poner: pusiera, pusieras, pusiera, pusiéramos, pusieran Saber: supiera, supieras, supiera, supiéramos, supieran Decir: dijera, dijeras, dijera, dijéramos, dijeran |
| (cont.) Part 3 of 3 | Conducir: condujera, condujeras, condujera, condujéramos, condujeran |
| SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION: | PRESENT PERFECT |
| Formation: Present subjunctive of 'haber' + past participle (-ado/-ido) Part 1 of 2 | H͟A͟B͟E͟R͟ Haya Hayas Haya hayamos haya Ex. Dudo que él haya comido. I doubt he has eaten (ate). No creo que la clase haya estudiado. I don't believe the class studied. |
| (cont.) Part 2 of 2 | Es terrible que ella se haya roto el brazo. It's terrible she has broken her arm. |
| SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION: | PAST PERFECT |
| Formation: Past subjunctive of 'haber' + past participle (-ado/-ido) (Part 1 of 2) | Hubiera Hubieras Hubiera hubléramos hubieran Ex. Dudaba que él hubiera comida. I doubted he HAD eaten. No creía que la clase hubiera estudiado. I didn't believe the class had studied. |
| (cont.) Part 2 of 2 | Era terrible que ella es hubiera roto el brazo. It was terrible she HAD broken her arm. |
| WHICH SUBJUNCTIVE?? (Part 1 of 2) | If the indicative tense in the main clause verb is Present Future Command Present perfect Future perfect then use the present subjunctive of the present perfect subjunctive |
| (cont.) Part 2 of 2 | If the indicative tense in the main clause verb is Preterite Imperfect Conditional Past perfect Conditional perfect then use the past subjunctive or past perfect subjunctive |
| Type 1: | IDE Verbs |
| TYPE I CONSTRUCTIONS | C͟o͟n͟j͟u͟g͟a͟t͟e͟d͟ ͟V͟e͟r͟b͟(͟i͟n͟d͟.͟)͟ ͟+͟ ͟q͟u͟e͟ ͟+͟ ͟c͟o͟n͟j͟u͟g͟a͟t͟e͟d͟ ͟v͟e͟r͟b͟ ͟(͟i͟n͟d͟.͟/͟s͟u͟b͟j͟.͟)͟ *"IDE" verb + que + subjunctive **"NON IDE" verb + que + indicative |
| (cont.) Part 1 of 2 | These constructions may lead to subjunctive or indicative use. To require the subjunctive in TYPE I, the sentence must have the following 2 prerequisites. 1. 2 clauses joined by 'que' 2. The main clause verb is an IDE verb |
| (cont.) Part 2 of 2 | What does *IDE stand for? Imposing will, Doubt, Emotion |
| D͟O͟U͟B͟T͟ ͟V͟E͟R͟B͟S͟ | Dudar- to doubt Puede ser-maybe - it can be Es dudoso- it is doubtful No es cierto-it's not certain No es verdad-it's not true No es seguro-it's not sure No estar seguro-to not be sure No creer-to not believe |
| (cont.) Part 1 of 1 | No pensar-to not think Es improbable-it's unlikely Es probable-it's likely |
| I͟M͟P͟O͟S͟I͟N͟G͟ ͟W͟I͟L͟L͟ ͟V͟E͟R͟B͟S͟ | aconsejar-to advise desear-to want esperar-to hope insister en-to insist mandar-to order/demand necesitar-to need pedir-to ask/request permitir-to allow prohibir-to forbid querer-to want recomendar-to recommend requerir-to require |
| (cont.) Part 1 of 1 | sugerir-to suggest |
| E͟M͟O͟T͟I͟O͟N͟ ͟V͟E͟R͟B͟S͟ | alegrarse de-to be glad encantar-to love esperar-to hope estar content@ de-to be happy fascinar-to be fascinating gustar-to like sorprender-to suprise molestar- to bother ojalá (que)- God grant that, I really hope that |
| (cont.) Part 1 of 1 | sentir-to regret/feel sorry temer-to fear tener miedo de-to be afraid Es triste-it's sad |
| NOTE: This is a sampling. Many more verbs fall into these categories. When you have a type I construction with the same subject in both clauses, avoid the subjunctive. Ex. Espero ganar. | Usage: Q͟u͟i͟e͟r͟o͟ (Imposing Will) que mis padres me compren un coche. I want that my parents buy me a car. (I want my parents |
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