Help
Options
Question
What types of local risk factors are possible for periodontitis?
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
What kind of risk factor are concavities and furcations?
Remaining cards (71)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Periodontology 6th E
Ch 10 and 11: Risk Factors, Oral Biofilms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What types of local risk factors are possible for periodontitis? | they can be acquired or anatomical. |
| What kind of risk factor are concavities and furcations? | anatomical local risk factor |
| What would you recommend to a parent of your child dental patient that has a family history of diabetes? | Explain that you are unable to eliminate genetic risk factors for periodontal disease, have them make the family physician aware of the long history of diabetes in the family, and encourage forming good daily self-care habits |
| If a patient has chronic gingivitis and does not have great homecare, what will happen? | most patients with chronic gingivitis never progress to periodontitis but it could |
| What is the best way to help a smoker who refuses to comply with homecare instructions but is willing to let the dental team do whatever is necessary to help keep his teeth? | Frequent recall to help disrupt plaque biofilms and recommend smoking cessation |
| Biologic equilibrium in periodontal health means | there is a balance between bacterial plaque biofilms and the host response |
| What factor is absolutely necessary for tissue destruction in periodontal disease to occur? | the body's host response |
| Besides plaque biofilm, what other risk factors can be attributed to periodontal disease? | Systemic diseases, pregnancy, heredity |
| What is all included in the term oral health? | the ability to speak, smile, and swallow with confidence. |
| What factor is considered the MOST significant risk factor for developing periodontal disease? | smoking |
| What is biofilm? | A well-organized community of bacteria |
| Where does biofilm grow? | on any solid surface |
| Where are biofilms found? | everywhere in nature |
| Which periodontal pathogens are capable of colonizing in the mouth? | A. actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum (among others) |
| What are the benefits of disrupting plaque biofilm daily? | pathogens cannot colonize until the nonpathogenic bacteria attach to the pellicle, a disrupted biofilm must start at step 1 and reform in a specific sequence, and each bacterial strain only has a limited set of bacteria to which it can adhere |
| Are the majority of bacteria in health gram positive or gram negative? | gram positive |
| How many bacteria are possible to be located at one disease site? | 100 million |
| Are the bacteria found in chronic gingivitis gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria? | they are evenly divided between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria |
| Where are the bacteria in biofilm embedded? | in an extracellular slime |
| Bacteria can penetrate through what to invade the gingival connective tissue? | epithelium |
| What type of bacteria has the ability to invade gingival connective tissue? | Both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria |
| What type of bacteria are early colonizers of the plaque biofilm? | Gram-positive bacteria |
| Where does biofilm development always begin? | supragingivally |
| What type of periodontal pathogens would not cause periodontal disease? | free-floating periodontal pathogens |
| How do bacteria adhere during the process of coaggregation to a tooth surface? | Each bacterial strain only has a limited set of bacteria to which it can adhere |
| If a bacterium wants to join a biofilm, what conditions should it look for? | A group of bacteria attached to a tooth surface |
| Why is it difficult to identify specific periodontal pathogens? | Different bacteria in pockets require different culture media, pockets contain pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria, and periodontal disease has episodes of active and dormant diseases |
| In 1976, 29 people were killed by Legionnaire's disease, which was found to be caused by what? | Biofilm in the hotel's air conditioning unit |
| How can periodontal pathogens be spread? | direct contact |
| Periodontal disease is what type of infection? | bacterial infection |
| One human mouth is home to how many microorganisms? | more microorganisms than there are people on the planet Earth |
| What type of infection is periodontitis? | A mixed infection |
| What type of bacteria are associated with periodontitis? | gram-negative |
| What type of bacterial subgingival attachment has been suggested by research to be the most detrimental to the periodontal tissues? | Tissue-associated plaque biofilm |
| Which color signifies the bacterial species that are dominant in the late stages of biofilm development according to the colors that Socransky assigned grouped microorganisms? | red |
| What is the cell-to-cell adherence of one oral bacterium to another called? | Coaggregation |
| Which bacteria are first to colonize the tooth surface? | Nonpathogenic |
| What is the best way to destroy plaque biofilm on teeth? | Mechanical removal |
| What is the organization of bacteria within biofilms due to? | specific associations among bacterial species |
| How do the bacteria within a biofilm function? | they function together as a system of interdependent parts. |
| What is the protective factor that can prevent biofilm from being killed with antibiotics, antimicrobials, or the body's immune system called? | Extracellular slime layer |
| The type of bacteria that can cause periodontal disease are referred to as: | Pathogenic |
| What is the term for a bacterial virulence factor that is a class of proteins found in living bacterial cell membranes? | Peptide proteins |
| What percent of bacteria living on earth live as attached bacteria? | 99% |
| What type of bacteria are you examining when, under a microscope, you notice a double cell membrane and a red stain? | Gram-negative bacterium |
| Which type of bacteria play an important role in periodontitis? | gram-negative |
| Which of the following characteristics is typical of biofilm? | Bacteria communicate with each other by sending out chemical signals |
| Which species is considered to be the most important bacterial risk factor that distinguishes individuals with periodontitis from those who are periodontally healthy? | Tannerella forsythia |
| Which species are frequently detected in aggressive forms of periodontitis? | A. actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis |
| As disease progresses, what happens to the number of bacteria? | the number of bacteria in a site increases |
| As disease progresses, what happens to the motility level of bacteria? | bacteria become more motile |
| As disease progresses, does the bacteria population become more gram-positive or gram-negative? | gram-negative |
| What is a bacterial bloom? | Bacterial bloom is a period in which specific bacterial species grow at rapid rates |
| How long after a professional prophylaxis does it take the pellicle to reattach to tooth surfaces? | Within minutes of a professional prophylaxis |
| How long after the pellicle formation does bacteria begin to attach to the outer surface? | Within hours of the pellicle formation |
| What could be the cause of an eye infection in a patient who wears contact lenses? | A bacterial biofilm might have developed in the lens case if it is not regularly cleaned |
| What are indigenous, resident bacteria of the oral cavity called? | commensal bacteria |
| What are some limitations of the Specific Plaque Hypothesis? | Periodontal microbes are more heterogeneous and diverse than previously thought, gram-positive anaerobic bacteria can be found in deep pockets, and red-complex microorganisms have been detected in healthy, non-diseased sites |
| What are some limitations of the Nonspecific Plaque Hypothesis? | Hypothesis is too simplistic and superficial, fails to explain why most cases of gingivitis never progress to periodontitis, and it cannot clarify why some sites within the same mouth have severe destruction and others do not. |
| What are the five new hypotheses to explain role in periodontal disease? | Nonspecific plaque hypothesis Specific plaque hypothesis Ecological plaque hypothesis Microbial homeostasis-host response hypothesis Keystone pathogen-host response hypothesis |
| Which type of bacteria can invade the gingival connective tissue? | Tissue-associated plaque biofilm |
| What is the definition of a risk factor? | It is any attribute, characteristic, or exposure that is associated with an increased likelihood of developing a disease or injury |
| Why is the risk assessment process important? | It is important in periodontal treatment planning. |
| What are some examples of medications that contribute to gingival enlargement? | Calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants, and immunosuppressants |
| What are some examples of conditions that fall under the current diagnostic category of “periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disorders”? | neutropenia, osteoporosis, stress, diabetes |
| What is the main reason that females can be at increased risk for gum disease at different points in their life? | Hormones |
| What is a difference between local and systemic risk factors? | It can be easier to eliminate local risk factors |
| How can dental hygienists assist the patient in maintaining health? | Increasing the extent of professional care |
| What are some examples of local anatomical risk factors? | Malpositioned teeth, concavities, root grooves, furcations |
| What are some of the steps in the dental history portion of a clinical risk assessment for periodontal disease? | Frequency of professional care, family history of early tooth loss, previous history of periodontal disease |
| What is the physiologic mechanism that functions to maintain balance in the body called? | biologic equilibrium or homeostasis. |
| What is considered to be the most significant risk factor for developing periodontal disease? | Smoking |
Created by:
BrendaAlberts