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Moles
Mole concept and volumetric analysis fundamentals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mole | The amount of substance that contains 6 x 10 superscript 23 (Avogadro's constant) particles of that substance. |
| Molar mass | Mass of 1 mole of a substance in g/mol. |
| Relative atomic /molecular /formula mass | Mass of atoms, molecules or formula units compared with one-twelfth the mass of a carbon atom. Relative masses are unitless. |
| Avogadro's law | States that equal volumes of all gases, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules. |
| RTP | room temperature and pressure |
| STP | standard temperature and pressure |
| Molar volume at rtp | 24 dm3 ( 24 000 cm3) |
| Molar volume at stp | 22.4 dm3 (22 400 cm3) |
| Define molar volume | The volume occupied by one mole of a gas. |
| Define molar concentration (molarity) | The number of moles of a solute dissolve in 1dm3 (1000 cm3) of solution. Unit: mol/dm3 (moldm-3) or M |
| Define mass concentration | The mass of solute dissolved in 1dm3 (1000cm 3) of solution. |
| What is the relationship between dm3, cm3 and L? | 1 dm3 = 1 L = 1000 cm3 |
| Define standard solution | A solution whose concentration is accurately known. |
| What is mean by the concentration of a solution? | A measure of the quantity of a solute dissolved in a fixed volume of the solution. |
| What is shown in the empirical formula of a compound? | The simplest mole ratio between atoms or ions in a compound. |
| What is shown in the molecular formula of a compound? | The actual number of moles of atoms of each element present in one mole of the compound. |
| What is percent composition? | Percent composition of a compound indicates the percentage, by mass, of each element in a compound. |
| Law of conservation of matter states that | matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction |
| What is a neutralization reaction? | A reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water. |
| What is the end point of an neutralization reaction? | The point at which all the OH- ions have fully reacted with all the H+ and neither ion is present in excess. |
| Titrant | The substance in the burette which is being added |
| Titrand | The substance in the conical flask to which the titrant is being added. |
| Indicator | A substance which has a visible colour change corresponding with the pH of a solution. |
| Describe the colour change of red litmus. | Remains red in acid Changes to blue in base |
| Describe the colour change of blue litmus. | Changes to red in acid Remains blue in base |
| Describe the colour change of phenolphthalein | Colourless in acid and neutral pH Pink in base (pH >7) |
| Describe the colour change of universal indicator. | Ranges from red to purple depending on the pH value. |
| What is the difference between a qualitive test and a quantitative test? | Qualitative test - determine whether of not something is present. E.g. litmus tells whether a substance is acidic or basic Quantitative test - determines how much/the level of the substance present. E.g. universal indicator tells the actual pH value |
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CSEC Chemistry 11th Grade
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