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Science quiz 84-107
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atoms with either a positive (+) or negative (-) electrical charge. | Ions |
| The outermost shell of an atom | Valence Shell |
| This is the type of bond where electrons are shared between atoms. Give and draw an example | Covalent Bond H2O. Electrons are shared between H's and. |
| Atoms that lose electrons and have a negative charge. | Anion |
| The electrons found in the outermost shell of atom. | Valence electron. |
| This is where the chemical reactions and bonding takes place. | Valance shell. |
| These are found to the left of the staircase and form ionic bonds with non-metals: give away electrons and become + Hydrogen is the exception. | Metals |
| The type of bond where atoms give electrons to other atoms and there is an attraction between oppositely charged ions. Give and draw an example | ionic bond An example is NaCl |
| These are found to the right of the staircase and form covalent bonds with each other or take electrons away from metals to form ionic bonds and become - | Non-metals. |
| The total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom. | Oxidation Number |
| Atoms want to have 8 electrons in their outer shell = stable. | Octet Rule |
| These touch the staircase in the periodic table and have properties of both metals and non-metals. | Metalloids |
| Atoms that lose electrons and have a positive charge | Cation |
| Shiny, ductile & malleable and conduct heat. All are good conductors of electricity. | Metals |
| Non-malleable and not ductile. Not shiny and poor conductors of heat and electricity. | Non-metals. |
| Has some properties of metals and some of mon-metals | Metalloids |
| How does reactivity change in the periodic table. | Groups 1+7 are very reactive, 2,3 and 6 are reactive but not as much as 1 and 7. 8 is not reactive at all because it is full. In groups 4 and 5, reactivity varies. |
| On the period table, each column is called this | group |
| Each element in a group has the same number of what? | Electrons in their outer orbital or shell |
| The electrons in the outer shell are called | valence electrons |
| What is the difference between a ionic and covalent bond? | In ionic bonds electrons are transferred, each element has an opposite charge that attracts and a metal and non metal combine. In a covelent bond, electrons are SHARED and two non-metals combine |
| When you take an atom and add or subtract a proton, what do you get? | New element |
| When you take an atom and add or subtract an electron, what do you get? | Ion |
| When you take and atom and add another atom, what do you get? | Molecule |
| When you take and atom and add or subtract a neutron, what do you get? | An isotope |
| What is an isomer? | A model with the same atoms in the same amount but in a different shape or form. |
| What do the holes in the model represent? this was in your molecular models lab. | The holes in the models represent the empty space in an atom. |
| How can you predict if a bond will be ionic or covalent by using the periodic table? | You can tell by looking at the sides of the staircase and seeing if they're both on the non-metal side (covalent) or if they have one metal and one non-metal (ionic). |
| What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond? | In covalent bonds atoms SHARE electrons. In ionic bonds, atoms GIVE electrons to other atoms and there is an attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
| What is an ion? | Atoms with either a positive or negative electrical charge |
| What is a anion? | Atoms that gain electrons so they have a negative charge |
| What is a cation? | Atoms that lose electrons so they have a positive charge |
| Where do chemical reactions and and bonding take place? | In the valence shell, the outermost shell of an atom. |
| What is an ionic bond? | Type of bond where atoms GIVE electrons to other atoms and there is an attraction between oppositely-charged ions. |
| What is a covalent bond and an example? | This is the type of bond where electrons are SHARED between atoms. H2O Electrons are shared between H's and O. |
| What do metals do and what is the exception? | Metals GIVE away electrons and become positive. They form IONIC bonds with non-metals. Hydrogen is the exception. |
| What do non-metals do? | They form COVALENT bonds with each other OR they take electrons away from metals to form ionic bonds and become negative. |
| What is the octet rule? | Atoms want to have 8 electrons in their outer shell so they are stable. |
| What is an oxidation number? | The total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom. |
| What is a Lewis Structure? | It is a simple dot diagram that shows how the valence electrons are arranged in the outer shell. It has two parts: the atomic symbol for the element and the dots representing the electrons surrounding it. |
| How do atoms form bonds? | Atoms form bonds by either sharing or giving away valance electrons. |
| What is a BOHR diagram? | It shows all the shells and the electrons in each shell. |
| What are parking spots? Give an example. | Parking spots are open space in an atom that another atom can share with. Example: Chlorine has 7 valance electrons with one parking space left so if Hydrogen comes over with 1 valance electron they would share. |
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