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Cosmetology
Skin Structure, Growth & Nutrition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| dermatologist | Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails. |
| dermatology | Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment. |
| esthetician | A specialist in the cleansing, beautification, and preservation of the health of skin on the entire body, including the face and neck. |
| stratum corneum | Also known as horny layer; outer layer of the epidermis. |
| epidermis | Outermost and thinnest layer of the skin; it is made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum. |
| callus | Thickening of the skin caused by continued, repeated pressure on any part of the skin ,especially the hands and feet. |
| barrier function | The complex of lipids between the cells that keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation, and to guard against irritants penetrating the skin surface. |
| keratin | Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of hair and nails. |
| stratum lucidum | Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum. |
| stratum granulosum | Also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum. |
| dermis | Also known as derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin. |
| stratum spinosum | The spiny layer just above the stratum germinativum layer. |
| melanocytes | Cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin. |
| stratum germinativum | More commonly called the basal cell layer; deepest, live layer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth. |
| Arrector pili muscles | Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh, sometimes called goose bumps, and papillae. |
| papillary layer | Outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis. |
| reticular layer | Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings. |
| tactile corpuscles | Small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure. |
| epidermal–dermal junction | The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis. |
| dermal papillae | Singular: dermal papilla. Small, cone-shaped elevations at the base of the hair follicles that fit into the hair bulb. |
| Subcutaneous tissue | Also known as adipose or subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin. |
| Sensory nerve fibers | Fibers of the sensory nerves that react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. These sensory receptors send messages to the brain. |
| Motor nerve fibers | Fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles. Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles. |
| melanin | Tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis. |
| pheomelanin | A type of melanin that is red to yellow in color. People with light-colored skin mostly produce this type. |
| Secretory nerve fibers | Regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin. |
| eumelanin | A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color. People with dark-colored skin mostly produce this type. |
| broad spectrum sunscreen | Means that the sunscreen product has been shown to protect against both UV-A and UV-B radiation of the sun. |
| Collagen | Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength. |
| Elastin | Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue. |
| secretory coil | Coiled base of the sudoriferous gland. |
| Sudoriferous glands | Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals. |
| sweat glands | They excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals. |
| Sebaceous glands | Also known as oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles. Sebum is the fatty or oily secretion of the sebaceous glands. |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Abbreviated P. acnes; technical term for acne bacteria. |
| acne vulgaris | Also known as acne; a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria. |
| papule | Also known as pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus. |
| sebum | A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair. |
| closed comedo | Also known as whitehead; a follicle impacted with dead cells and solidified sebum, appearing as a small white bump just under the skin surface. |
| Acne | Also known as acne vulgaris; skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria. |
| open comedo | Also known as blackhead; hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum. |
| pimple | Also known as papule; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus. |
| Vitamin C | An important substance needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skin’s dermal tissues; aids in and promotes the skin’s healing process. |
| pustule | Raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the “head” of the pimple. |
| Vitamin D | Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance. Also promotes rapid healing of the skin. |
| Vitamin E | Helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun’s UV light. |
| Vitamin A | Supports the overall health of the skin; aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells; has been shown to improve the skin’s elasticity and thickness. |
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