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Pharmacology
Adrenocorticosteroids Ch 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where are adrenocorticosteroids released from? | adrenal cortex |
| Negative feedback involves the action of adrenocorticosteroids on what parts of the body? | hypothalamus and the pituary gland |
| What is released by the adrenal cortex in response to the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)? | hydrocortisone |
| Glucocorticoids cause an increase in the circulating levels of which white blood cells? | Neutrophils |
| For which type of oral lesion would glucocorticoids be contraindicated? | Herpetic gingivostomatitis |
| What will be reduced/decreased when glucocorticoid is in excess? | Secretion of growth hormone, bone formation, linear growth, and visceral obesity |
| What is the result when there is an excessive production of adrenocorticosteroids? | Cushing’s disease |
| Which drug has super high potency in glucocorticoid activity? | Clobetasol propionate (Temovate) |
| Where are corticosteroids used most extensively in both medicine and dentistry? | in inflammatory and allergic conditions |
| More often than not, patients with what condition do not normally require steroid supplementation for most routine dental procedures? | secondary adrenal insufficiency |
| Without stress, the normal adult secretes approximately how much hydrocortisone daily? | 20 mg |
| When does the maximal secretion of hydrocortisone (cortisol) occur in the body? | Between 4 AM and 8 AM in people with a normal schedule. |
| Under the influence of what hormone does the pituitary gland secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal cortex to release hydrocortisone? | corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) |
| What is secreted from the pituary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)? | ACTH |
| What are the mineralocorticoid effects of corticosteroids? | Increased sodium retention, decreased potassium retention, edema, and hypertension |
| How are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids caused? | They are primarily an extension of their therapeutic actions. |
| What is Addison disease caused by? | It is produced by deficiency of adrenocorticosteroids. |
| What is Cushing syndrome caused by? | caused by excess of adrenocorticosteroids |
| What are the characteristics of Cushing syndrome? | moon (round) face, muscle wasting, and buffalo hump (fat deposit on back of neck). |
| Patients who are on which corticosteroid regimen should be prescribed supplemental corticosteroids before a stressful dental procedure? | Patients currently taking between 20 and 40 mg of hydrocortisone every day |
| Inhibition of phospholipase A by steroids leads to decreased production of what? | prostaglandins and leukotrienes |
| Because of the antiinflammatory action of this drug, they may decrease resistance to infection and also mask its symptoms. | Corticosteroids |
| What drug may mask symptoms of an infection, but also decreases a patient’s ability to fight infection by suppression of the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes? | Adrenocorticosteroids |
| What are some adverse reactions of corticosteroids? | cataracts, hypertension, congestive heart failure, osteoporosis, and they increase intraocular pressure, which may exacerbate glaucoma |
| What dose of hydrocortisone (Cortisol) would be equivalent to a 1 mg dose of triamcinolone? | 5 mg oral dose |
| The mucosal surfaces are more likely to have an infection and are more friable when taking these drugs? | adrenocorticosteroids |
| What happens to endogenous corticosteroid levels in response to an especially stressful stimulus? | can increase tenfold |
| Corticosteroids reduce resistance to what? | infection |
| Is it true that supplemental steroids may be required if the patient has severe dental fears or for major surgical procedures? | Most dental patients taking steroids who are having normal dental treatment rendered do not need additional corticosteroids. |
| What occurs because of a relative lack of corticosteroids during stress? | adrenal crisis |
| What do dental professionals need to know about adrenal crisis? | Adrenal crisis is a rare event in dentistry. |
| What are some effects that could be expected from systemic steroids? | suppression of allergic reactions and immune response, anti-inflammatory action |
Created by:
BrendaAlberts