Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
States of Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is matter? | Anything that has mass and occupies space. |
| What does the particulate theory of matter state? | All matter is made up of particles. |
| What are four main ideas of the particle theory? | 1) All matter is made of particles 2) Particles are in constant, random motion 3) There are spaces between particles 4) There are forces of attraction between the particles. |
| What are the three main states of matter? | solid, liquid, gas |
| What are two main differences among the states of matter? | 1) Energy 2) Arrangement of particles |
| Describe solids in terms of energy and arrangement of particles. | Very little energy, particles vibrate in fixed positions. Particles are packed very closely together. |
| Describe liquids in terms of energy and arrangement of particles. | More energy than solids, less than gases. Particles have spaces between them. |
| Describe gases in terms of energy and arrangement of particles. | Great amount of energy, particles move rapidly. Particles have large spaces between them. |
| How can matter be changed from one state to another? | By changing its temperature. |
| What happens to the kinetic energy of a substances when it is heated? | It INCREASES and particles move faster. |
| What happens to the kinetic energy of a substance when it is cooled? | It DECREASES and particles move slower. |
| Phase(state) changes are physical changes. What is a physical change? | A change in the form of a substance (eg. steam to liquid water to ice) without changing its chemical composition. |
| What are three processes which provide evidence for the particulate theory of matter? | 1) Diffusion 2) Osmosis 3) Brownian motion |
| What is diffusion? | Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they are evenly distributed. |
| What is osmosis? | Osmosis is the movement of WATER molecules from a region with more water molecules to a region with less water molecules through a selectively/differentially permeable membrane until evenly distributed. |
| What is a concentration gradient? | Simply a difference in amount of substance between two areas. |
| What does it mean it move down/along a concentration gradient? | To move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Eg. diffusion and osmosis |
| What does it mean to move up/against a concentration gradient? | To move from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration. Eg. active transport (covered in Bio) |
| What is Brownian motion? | The random movement of visible particles such as pollen as dust due to collisions with invisible moving particles of water and air. |
| Name three phase changes which require the addition of heat. | 1) Melting 2) Boiling/Evaporation 3) Sublimation |
| Name three phase changes which require the removal of heat. | 1) Freezing 2) Condensation 3) Deposition |
| Define melting point. | The constant temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid. |
| Define boiling point. | The constant temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas. The constant temperature at which the saturated vapour pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure upon that liquid. |
| Define freezing point. | The constant temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid. |
| What is a heating curve? | A graph showing temperature against time as a substance is heated. |
| What is a cooling curve? | A graph showing temperature against time as a substance is cooled. |
| Distinguish between evaporation and boiling. | Evaporation - occurs at any temperature -no bubbles -vapour pressure less than atmospheric pressure Boiling - occurs at a specific temperature - bubbles formed throughout liquid - vapour pressure must be equal to atmospheric pressure |
| What is the relationship between altitude and boiling point? | As altitude increases, boiling point decreases. As altitude decreases, boiling point increases. |
| Why does boiling point decrease as you go higher in altitude? | The pressure of the atmosphere becomes less the higher up you go. This causes the vapour pressure of a liquid to become equal to the atmospheric pressure at a lower temperature (ie. boiling point is lower). |
| Boling point is lower as we go higher but a pot of food may take a longer time to cook. Why? | The liquid is boiling rapidly but the food needs to obtain sufficient pressure to be cooked thoroughly. The food will take a longer time to tenderize under the low atmospheric pressure conditions at high altitudes. |
| What is the relationship between pressure and volume of a GAS in a closed container? | Pressure and volume are inversely proportional. As pressure increases, volume of gas decreases. As pressure decreases, volume of gas increases. |
| What is the relationship between temperature and volume of a GAS in a closed container? | Temperature and volume are directly proportional. As temperature increases, volume of gas increases. As temperature decreases, volume of gas decreases. |
| What is a vacuum? | A vacuum is a region of space which is devoid of matter. There are no other particles present to provide resistance to the movement of any material such as a gas introduced into the space. |
Created by:
CSEC Chemistry 10th Grade
Popular Chemistry sets