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JLPT N5 GRAMMAR
JLPT N5 Grammar
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| は (Subject) | Topic Marker |
| です | Be, Am, Are |
| か | Question Particle |
| の | Possessive Particle - A の B means mean B belongs to A |
| で | - In, At, On, By, With, Via - Place of Action - Means or Method - A Total Amount - Reason for Action |
| も | Also, Too - Refers to A Topic from Previous Sentence |
| を | Object Marker Particle |
| に | - Time, Destination of Action Involving Movement - Recipient, When Action Takes Place |
| に/へ | To / Indicates Direction / Destination |
| と | And ; Connecting Particle |
| お / ご | Polite marker, Honorific Prefix Particle - (o) is mostly used with words of Japanese origin - (go) is mostly used with words of Chinese origin |
| ね | - Right? / Isn't It? - Placed at end of sentence. |
| や | And/Or ; Connecting Particle |
| よ | You know; Emphasis (ending particle) |
| I-Adjectives (い) | Affimative (1) i ; (2) katta Negative (1) kunai ; (2) kunakatta |
| Na-Adjectives (な) | Affimative: (1) da / desu ; (2) datta / deshita Negative: (1) janai ; (2) janakatta |
| でも | - But / However / Though - Can Be Used Mid or Start of Sentence - Similar to "Shikashi" which is stronger |
| どうして | - Why / For What Reason / How - Can be used at mid sentence or start |
| どんな | What Kind Of? - Immediately precedes a noun |
| どうやって | How, In What Way - Used at beginning or mid-sentence |
| だろう | I think? / Probably? |
| でしょう | - I think? / Probably? More polite version of "darou" |
| じゃない / ではない | - Am Not / To Be Not Informal Version of De wa Arimasen |
| けど | - But, However, Although Less formal than "Keredo mo" |
| けれども | But, However, Although |
| ので | - Because of ; Given that; Since |
| しかし | - But; However |
| それから | - And; And then; After that |
| そして | - And then |
| から | - From / Since / Because |
| まで | - Until ; As far as ; To An Extent |
| が | - Subject Marker - Expressing a knowledge or like - However, But (when placed between 2 sentences) |
| が あります | - There Is (Non Living Things) - Can Also mean to have |
| が います | - There Is (Living Things) - Can Also mean to have |
| が ほしい | - To Want Something - Simply add it after a noun - Not applicable on verbs |
| て いる | - Ongoing action or state |
| て から | - After doing ~ |
| て ある | - Is/Has Been Done (resulting state) |
| だけ | - Only / Just |
| ましょう | - Let's / Shall We - Verb Stem + Mashou |
| ましょうか | - Shall I / Used to Offer Help to Listener - Verb Stem + Mashou ka |
| ませんか | - Would you ; Shall we ; Do you want to? |
| 前に | - Before / In Front Of - Verb (dictionary form) + Mae Ni - Noun + No + Mae Ni |
| まだ | - Still, Yet |
| まだ～ていません | - Have Not Yet |
| いつも | - Always - Can be used at beginning or at mid-sentence |
| 一緒に | - Together |
| 一番 | - The most ; The Best ; Superlative |
| とき | - When ; At This Time |
| とても | - Very - とても + Adjective/Verb |
| つもり | - Plan or Intend To - Verb (Dictionary Form) + Tsumori - Verb (Nai Form) + Tsumori |
| もう | - Already, Anymore |
| なあ | - Sentence Ending Particle - For Confirmation, Admiration |
| ないで | - Without doing - To Do [B] Without Doing [A] - Verb (Nai Form + De) + Second Action |
| ないで ください | - Please don't do |
| ないと いけない | - Must do; Have an obligation to do |
| なくちゃ | - Must do / Need to |
| なくては いけない | - Must do; Need to do - Verb (Nai Form) + Nakute Ikenai/Ikemasen |
| なくてはならない | - Must do; Need to do - Verb (Nai Form) + Kute Naranai/Narimasen |
| か～か | - Or - When trying to decide between 2/more choices |
| 方 | - How To Do - The Way of Doing Something - Exclude "masu" in verb form then add "kata" |
| なる | - To Become |
| んです | - To Explain, Show Emphasis - Same meaning as desu, but more personal |
| にいく | - Go To Do |
| にする | - To Decide On |
| のが上手 | - To Be Good At |
| のが下手 | - To Be Bad At Doing Something |
| をください | - Please give me |
| てください | - Please do |
| てはいけない | - Must Not ; May Not ; Cannot |
| てもいいです | - Is it okay? ; May I ? |
| ほうがいい | - Should ; Better Be - Verb + Hou Ga ii |
| なくてもいい | - Don't Have To - Verb (Nai Form) + Kutemo ii |
| は〜より | - A is more ~ than B - Noun 1 (Wa) + Noun 2 (Yori) + Adj. + Desu |
| より～ほうが | - A is more ~ than B |
| の 中 で [A] が 一番 | - Out of this group, [A] is best - Noun + の中で + が + 番 |
| たり～たり | - Do such things as A and B - Verb + Ri - Noun + Datari |
| たことがある | - To have done something before - Verb (Ta Form) + Koto Ga Aru |
| ちゃいけない | - Must not do (spoken Japanese) |
| のです | - To explain something; Show emphasis |
| すぎる | - Too much |
| どうですか | - How about; How is |
Created by:
ninopadilla