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ion tests

HSC chemistry ion tests

iontest usedExpected resultFurther confirm2nd expected result
CO3^2- 10 drops 4M HNO3 Odourless gas effervesced Bubble gas through limewater. White ppt
SO42− 5 drops 0.1M Ba(NO3)2 White ppt 10 drops 4M HNO3 ppt remains w/acid = SO42−.
PO43− 5 drops 0.1M Ba(NO3)2 White ppt 10 drops 4M HNO3 Dissolution 5 drops 0.5M ammonium molybdate warm to 40°C w/hot water bath, bright yellow ppt confirms PO43−
Cl−, 5 drops 0.1M AgNO3 white ppt 4 M NH3 (10 drops) Dissolution
Br−, 5 drops 0.1M AgNO3 Cream ppt 4 M NH3 (10 drops) 15 M NH3 (10 drops) No dissolution, then Dissolution
I− 5 drops 0.1M AgNO3 yellow ppt 4 M NH3 (10 drops) 15 M NH3 (10 drops) no dissolution no dissolution
OH− 5 drops 0.1M Cu(NO3)2 blue ppt n/a n/a
CH3COO− 5 drops 0.1M Cu(NO3)2 no ppt neutral ferric chloride solution required: 0.1 M FeCl3 (4 mL) w/ 4 M NH3 (20 drops). Add 1 M HCl dropwise until ppt dissolves neutral FeCl3 solution (4 mL) + u/k (4 mL). deep-red complex forms, disappears on boiling over Bunsen leaving a brown-red ppt = CH3COO−.
Ag+ centrifuge tube 2mL u/k 1mL 1M HCl white ppt, may turn purple Allow the ppt to stand for a few minutes. centrifuge to isolate pure ppt 1mL 4M NH3 and stir. Dissolution (possibly incomplete)
Pb2+ centrifuge tube 2mL u/k 1mL 1M HCl white ppt Allow the ppt to stand for a few minutes. centrifuge to isolate pure ppt 2mL water to ppt, then heat in water bath. Stir. Dissolution PbCl2 will reprecipitate as a white solid if the test tube is allowed to cool.
Ca2+ 5 drops 1M H2SO4 white ppt Flame test using wire loop dull red
Ba2+ 5 drops 1M H2SO4 white ppt Flame test using wire loop pale green
Cu2+, 10 drops 1M NaOH Blue ppt 15 M NH3 by drops deep blue complex
Fe2+ 10 drops 1M NaOH green ppt (brown on standing) 5 drops 0.1M potassium ferricyanide sol/n deep blue ppt
Fe3+, 10 drops 1M NaOH brown ppt 5 drops 0.1M potassium thiocyanate solution deep red complex
Mg2+ 10 drops 1M NaOH white ppt Add sulfate ions no ppt
acid blue litmus test turns red
alkene bromine water turns from brown to colourless
tertiary alcohol acidified potassium permanganate pink to colourless
alkane acidified potassium permanganate insoluble blob forms
secondary alcohol metallic sodium bubbling
primary alcohol metallic sodium vigorous bubbling
Created by: Arie1
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