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Pages 523-538

QuestionAnswer
In 1453, the Ottoman armies attacked Constantinople and brought an end to Byzantine Rule
The sultan, also known as "The Lawgiver," who presided over a "golden age" and the greatest Ottoman assault on Christian Europe was Suleiman the Magnificent.
Which Italian city-state was the most commercially powerful and became a commercial rival and military foe of the Ottoman Empire? Venice
A new fourteenth-century Ottoman military elite was Christian prisoners of war, called Janissaries.
A significant weakness of the Ottoman Empire against the Portuguese was that, originally, the Ottomans did not have a large-scale navy
The devshirme system involved taking Christian children from the Balkans for Ottoman government and military service.
Which European city did the Ottomans try, and fail, to conquer in 1529 and 1683? Vienna
The hybrid language spoken at court and by the "military" class was Osmanli
The askeri class in the Ottoman Empire were exempt from taxes and were from the military class.
Following a familiar principle in empires, the Ottomans made sure to appeal to the military with land in exchange for service.
In governing his "flock" or raya, the sultan saw himself as providing justice and military protection.
According to the fatwas of Ebu's-Su'ud', what substance was considered reprehensible and illicit by the Shari'a? Coffee
The chief source of Ottoman inflation in the sixteenth century was an influx of cheap silver from the Americas.
The area devastated by revolts resulting in significant emigration and decreased agricultural production in the Ottoman Empire between 1590-1619 was Anatolia
Tax farming-the paying of taxes in advance for the right to collect greater amounts from others-caused the Ottoman empire to rely more on powerful provincial governors
A significant transition in the Janissaries occurred after the uprisings because they: became a hereditary institution
"Capitulations" that were beneficial to Europeans were a discount on trade duties and fees negotiated between Europeans and sultans.
The trading of coffee from this port became the rage in the fifteenth century. Mocha
The rising status of Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire led to a refinement of their role in society. Which of the following were gains in their status? being able to marry, being involved in business and commerce., becoming a hereditary order, and ending the devshirme.
How did the Patrona Halil rebellion show "decay at the center" yet spell "benefit elsewhere"? It demonstrated that local elites in the provinces were beginning to gain power relative to the sultan
The "tulip period" in the Ottoman Empire was one in which Ottomans: emulated western European fashions
By the mid-17th century, Iran was producing which staple crop instead of importing it from Mughal India? Tobacco
The Ottomans' chief rival in Iran was the Safavid Empire.
One difference between the Ottoman and Iranian states was that the Ottoman state was based on Sunnism and that the Iranian state was based on Shi'ism.
Out of the struggle for power in Iran emerged a chief of Kurdish, Iranian, and Greek ancestry named Ismail
In Iran, the mandated conversion to Shi'ism a deciding factor in keeping Ismail and his descendants at war
After the Mongol's conquered the region in 1258, Iranian scholars and writers read and wrote only in Persian.
One of the key teachings of the Shi'ite doctrine "Hidden Imam" is that he is to lead the ulama to be under the control of the sultan.
The martyrdom of Imam Husayn is remembered in the Shi'ite community with emotional processions of Shi'ites through the streets.
A significant fact about the capital cities of both the Ottomans and Safavids was that neither had wheeled vehicles.
Islamic law allowed women to keep property after marriage.
Although European accounts discussed the custom of women wearing veils, which of the following is also true? both Islamic men and women covered their hair, arms, and legs.
In the Muslim world, homosexuality was disapproved, but relationships with boys were not unusual.
A woman seen in public in the Muslim world would most likely have been any of the following except married
Compared to Istanbul, which term would be least likely to apply to Isfahan? cosmopolitan.
Iran became most closely associated with the manufacture of which item? Carpets
Of the following, which was a factor in the decline of Safavid rule? Economic inflation caused by an influx of silver
The founder of the Mughal Empire was Babur
Mughal is Persian for Mongol.
What surprising military similarity did the Mughals have with the Safavids? Lack of a navy.
The Mughal Empire was quite prosperous in the sixteenth century because they traded cotton cloth, had an efficient government system, and faced few external threats.
Mansabs were a similar feature to the Ottoman Empire, being a class of non-Muslim functioning in the local government.
Which of the following was part of Akbar's policy of religious reconciliation between Muslims and Hindus? The elimination of the tax on non-Muslims.
Among Akbar's cultural accomplishments that did not survive him was a "divine faith" that incorporated Zoroastrianism, Muslim and Hindu beliefs.
Nadir Shah's sack of Delhi is symbolized by what act? Confiscating the peacock throne.
Which of the following is a reason for the decline of the Mughals under Aurangzeb? Ignatius Dumond
Why did the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires decline simultaneously? Inability to adjust to the changes in military technology and the world economy
Created by: santibri000
 

 



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