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Unit 2

Behavioral Analysis chapters 5, 6, 7, and 8

TermDefinitionChapter:page number
operant behavior behavior influenced by antecedent and consequence events 5:117
antecedent observable stimulus that is present before the behavior occurs 5:117
consequence observable stimulus change that happens after behavior occurs 5:117
two-term contingency contingency contains response and consequence 5:120
response-consequence contingency describes the causal (IF...THEN) relation between an operant behavior and its consequence 5:120
noncontingent consequence occurs after a response, but not because the response caused it to occur 5:122
superstitious behavior occurs when the individual behaves as though a response-consequence contingency exists when in fact, the relation between response and consequence is noncontingent 5:123
reinforcer a consequence that increases operant behavior above its baseline level 5:126
reinforcement process or procedure whereby a reinforcer increases operant behavior above its baseline level 5:126
rewards beneficial consequences that we think will function as reinforcers, but we don't know yet if they will 5:126
edward l. thorndike first scientist to demonstrate that reinforcers increase the probability of behavior 5:127
operant behavior (revised) a generic class of responses influenced by antecedents, with each response in the class producing the same consequence 5:134
positive reinforcement (SR+) the presentation of a consequence, the effect of which is to increase operant behavior above its no-reinforcer baseline level 6:144
negative reinforcement - escape (SRe-) a consequent removal or reduction of a stimulus, the effect of which is to increase operant behavior above its no-reinforcer baseline level 6:146
negative reinforcer - avoidance (SRa-) a consequent prevention of a stimulus change, the effect of which is to increase operant behavior above its no-reinforcer baseline level 6:148
loss aversion the tendency for loss prevention (SRa-) to influence behavior more than presentation of the same stimulus (SR+) 6:154
intrinsic motivation the natural drive to engage in a behavior because it fosters a sense of competence 6:157
extrinsic reinforcers those reinforcers that are not automatically obtained by engaging in the behavior; instead, they are artificially arranged 6:157
operant extinction responding that meets the reinforcement contingency no longer produces the reinforcer and as a result, it falls to baseline (no reinforcer) levels 7:169
escape extinction responding that meets the negative reinforcement contingency no longer removes or reduces the aversive event. As a result, responding decreases to baseline (no-reinforcer) levels 7:172
partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) direct relation between prior reinforcement rate and how quickly behavior undergoes extinction 7:174
spontaneous recovery of operant behavior temporary resumption in operant responding following time away from the extinction settling 7:175
extinction burst temporary increase in the rate, magnitude, or duration of the previously reinforced response 7:180
extinction-induced variability an increase in the variety of operant response topographies following extinction 7:180
extinction-induced resurgence when one operant behavior is extinguished, other (different) behaviors that were previously reinforced are emitted agian 7:181
functional analysis of behavior the scientific method used to (1) determine if a problem behavior is an operant and (2) identify the reinforcer that maintains that operant 7:184
automatic reinforcer a consequence that is directly produced by the response - it is not provided by someone else - and which increases the behavior above a no-reinforcer baseline 7:186
differential reinforcement a procedure in which a previously reinforced behavior is placed on extinction while a second behavior is reinforced 7:187
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) 7:190 finish
differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) 7:191 finish
functional communication training problematic demands for attention are extinguished while appropriate requests are established and reinforced 7:191
differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) reinforcement is provided contingent upon abstaining from the problem behavior for a specified interval of time; presumably while "other behavior" is occurring. 7:191
differential reinforcement of variability responses that have never been emitted before or have not been emitted in quite some time are reinforced and repetition or recent response topographies are extinguished 7:191
differential reinforcement of high-rate behavior (DRH) low-rate responding is put on extinction and high-rate responding is reinfoced 7:192
differential reinforcement of low-rate behavior (DRL) responding quickly is extinguished and responding slowly is reinforced 7:192
primary reinforcers a consequence that functions as a reinforcer because it is important in sustaining the life of the individual or the continuation of the species 8:201
conditioned reinforcers consequences that function as reinforcers only after learning occurs 8:202
token economy a set of values governing the delivery of response-contingent conditioned reinforcers (tokens, points, etc.) that may be later exchanged for one or more backup reinforcers 8:205
backup reinforcer the reinforcer provided after the conditioned reinforcer signals the delay reduction to its delivery 8:205
generalized conditioned reinforcer a conditioned reinforcer signals a delay reduction to more than one backup reinforcer 8:207
marking the conditioned reinforcer immediately follows the response, and this helps the individual learn which response produced the backup reinforcer 8:208
shaping differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a terminal behavior 8:213
flow a state in which one feels immersed in a rewarding activity and in which we lose track of time or self 8:215
percentile schedule of reinforcement a simple automated training technique incorporating the six principles of effective shaping 8:221
Created by: kinseybarlow3
 

 



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