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chapter 16
16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following would best describe the conductive properties of wood? | It is a good insulator. |
| If you are able to grab a hot pan and pull it out by the handle without burning yourself, what kind of handle must the pan have, and why? | a wooden handle, because it is the better insulator |
| How would you walk on red-hot coals without getting your feet burned? | Walk fast. |
| Thermal conduction mostly involves the motion of _________. | Electrons |
| When your foot stands on a tile floor, thermal energy always flows _________. | from either your foot or the tile, depending on the temperature of the tile |
| Igloos are snow houses used by the Inuit as hunting camps to protect them from the cold outside. Why are igloos warmer inside? | Because ice is a good insulator. |
| Thermal convection applies mainly to _________. | fluids |
| When air rapidly expands, its temperature normally _________. | decreases |
| When a pot of water is being heated in a cookstove, what process takes the heat from the bottom of the pot to the surface of the water? | Convection |
| What happens to the volume of air as it rises? What happens to its temperature? | Volume increases; temperature decreases. |
| How are the speeds of molecules of air affected when the air is compressed by the action of a tire pump? What happens to the temperature of the air? | Speeds increase; temperature increases. |
| How are the speeds of molecules of air affected as they separate from one another when escaping from the nozzle of a party balloon? What happens to the temperature of the air? | Speeds decrease; temperature decreases. |
| Heat travels from the Sun to Earth by the process of _________. | Radiation |
| The relation f ~ T tells us that high temperature sources emit electromagnetic waves of _________. | high frequency |
| The surface temperature of a high-frequency emitting star is _________________. | very high |
| In what form does radiant energy travel? | As electromagnetic waves |
| Relatively speaking, do high-frequency waves have long wavelengths or short wavelengths? Name an electromagnetic wave with higher frequency than blue light. | Short, ultraviolet |
| How does the peak frequency of radiant energy relate to the absolute temperature of the radiating source? | The peak frequency increases as temperature increases. |
| Cite a primary difference between waves of solar radiation and waves of terrestrial radiation. | Solar radiation peaks at shorter wavelengths in the visible, whereas terrestrial radiation peaks at longer wavelengths in the infrared. |
| What determines whether an object is a net absorber or a net emitter of radiant energy at a given time? | It is determined by the temperature of the object relative to its surroundings. Hotter objects are net emitters. |
| Can an object be both a good absorber and a good reflector at the same time? | No. A good absorber reflects very little light. |
| What happens to the temperature of something that radiates energy without absorbing the same amount in return? | It cools. |
| Why can people walk across hot coals of wood barefoot without getting badly burned? | Wood is a poor conductor. |
| On a cold winter day, why does the metal of the side of a car feel much colder than the air? | Metal is a much better conductor than air. |
| How hot does an object have to be such that its thermal radiation has a curve that peaks in the middle of the visible portion of the spectrum? | roughly 5,000 K |
| True or False: An object with a temperature of 500 K emits more infrared radiation that a similarly sized object with a temperature of 10,000 K. | False |
| Stars that appear blue in the sky emit much more blue light than red light. What is the minimum temperature a star needs to be to look blue? | roughly 15,000 K |
| If the Earth did not have an atmosphere, the surface temperature | would be considerably colder. |
| In practice, a good insulator | slows heat flow. |
| A water-filled paper cup held in a flame will not catch fire because | the paper cup cannot become appreciably hotter than the water it contains. |
| Thermal convection is linked mostly to | fluids. |
| A region of expanding air tends to | cool. |
| Which of these electromagnetic waves has the lowest frequency? | Infrared |
| Compared with terrestrial radiation, the radiation from the Sun has | neither a longer wavelength nor a lower frequency |
| The pupils of your eyes | are net absorbers of light and therefore appear black. |
| Glass in a florist’s greenhouse acts as a one-way valve in that it | allows high-frequency waves in and blocks low-frequency waves from exiting. |
| Every equation in physics reminds us of a lesson: We can never change only one thing. When we change the composition of the atmosphere we likely also change | its reflectivity.Earth’s climate.its transparency. |
| To save energy while you leave your warm house for several hours on a cold day, turn the thermostat | off. |
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