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SP4
GCSE Separate Science Physics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do waves carry? | They carry energy |
| Describe Transverse wave | The vibration causing the wave is perpendicular to the direction of in which the wave is travelling |
| What type of waves are sound waves ? | Longitudinal |
| How do the particles move when a longitudinal wave passes through them? | They move backwards and forwards |
| What other types of wave are longitudinal? | Primary seismic waves. |
| What type of waves are electromagnetic waves? | They are transverse |
| What is the frequency of a wave? | The number of waves passing a point each second. |
| What is the time period of a wave? | The length of time it takes for one wave to pass a given point |
| What is the amplitude of a wave? | " Maximum distance of a point on the wave away from its rest position |
| " What unit is frequency measured in? | "Hertz |
| " What unit is wavelength measured in? | Meters |
| What are the two equations for wave speed? | Wave speed= frequency x wavelength Wave speed =distance/time |
| A wave travels 56 m in 7 seconds, what is its wave speed | Wave speed =distance/time =56/7=8m/s |
| A wave travels at 10m/s, how far will it travel in 8 seconds? | Distance = speed x time =10x 8 =80m |
| A wave has a frequency of 20Hz and a wavelength of 8m, what is its wave speed? | Wave speed= frequency x wavelength = 20 x 8= 160m/s |
| wave has a wavelength of 20cm and has a frequency of 20kHz, what is its wavelength in m/s? | "Wave speed= frequency x wavelength= 20000x 0.2 =4000m |
| " A wave travels at 5m/s and has a wavelength of 20cm, what is its frequency? | frequency = speed/wavelength = 5/0.2 =25Hz |
| When do waves change their direction? | When they move into a different medium |
| What is the name given to the boundary between 2 mediums? | Interface. |
| What is the normal? | A line at 90 degrees to the interface |
| What happens when line travels along the normal? | It travels in a straight line but will change its speed at the interface. |
| How does the direction of light change when it moves from glass to air? | It moves away from the normal. |
| What happens to the frequency of the waves when they refract? | It stays the same. |
| What happens to the speed of water waves as they travel from deep to shallow water? | They slow down |
| In which material glass or air does light travel the fastest? | Air |
| Define refraction | ange in speed and direction when a wave travels from one medium to another |
| What happens to the speed of light, frequency, wavelength as it travels from air to glass? | "Speed decreases, wavelength decreases, frequency does not change. |
| " All angles in optics are measured from the normal, what is the normal | An imaginary line drawn at right angles to the surface of a lens or mirror where a ray hits it. |
| What term describes sound reflecting? | echo |
| What does the word transmitted mean for waves? | When waves pass through something and are not absorbed or reflected |
| What does the term absorbed mean for waves? | When the wave disappears as its energy is transferred to the material |
| White light consists of mixture of different frequencies.What device enables us to split these frequencies? | Prisam |
| What does this tell us about how waves of different frequencies travel in glass? | "Different frequencies travel at different speed in glass |
| " What wave property is the pitch of a sound linked to? | Frequency, the higher the frequency the higher the pitch |
| How is the speed of sound related to the density of a material? | The greater the density the greater the speed. |
| What type of waves are sound waves? | Longitudinal |
| What happens to sound waves when they hit a surface? | Some of its energy is reflected, some is transmitted |
| What do some waves to the particles in a solid? | The sound waves cause a pressure on the surface that causes the particles in the solid to vibrate. |
| What happens when sound waves hit the ear drum in the ear? | It vibrates. |
| What is the purpose of the three bones in the ear? | They amplify the vibrations |
| Describe the structure of the cochlea? | A coiled tube containing a liquid and a membrane down the centre |
| Where is the membrane in the cochlea they thickest? | At the base |
| What affects which part of the membrane will vibrate? | The frequency of the sound wave in the liquid |
| Which part of the membrane detects low sounds? | Apex |
| What is the range of human hearing? | 20Hz to 20,000Hz |
| What is the highest frequency humans can hear? | 20kHz |
| What is the lowest frequency humans can hear? | 20Hz |
| What is ultrasound? | Sound with a frequency greater than 20kHz |
| Name 2 animals that communicate through ultrasound? | Bats, dolphins |
| What is Sonar? | Equipment carried on ships that produces and detects ultrasound. |
| Give 2 examples of how sonar can be used? | Fishing, measuring the depth of the sea |
| H A ship detects a sonar pulse and 4 seconds after it was emitted. The speed of sound in sea water is 1500m/s. | "Distance = speed x time = 1500 x 4 = 6000m |
| " How deep is the sea? | 3000m |
| Name a common use of ultrasound in medicine? | Detailed images of unborn babies to see how fetus is developing |
| Why is a gel used on the skin? | Gel stops the ultrasound just reflecting from the skin |
| How can ultrasound be used to clean your teeth? | The ultrasound head of the tooth brush produces millions of tiny bubbles that when they collapse they not the dirt off. |
| What sounds are infra-sounds? | Sounds that are too low to hear, have a frequency less than 20Hz |
| Which waves travel furthest, infrasound or audible sound? | Infrasound |
| What produces infrasound? | Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, large animals e.g. whales and elephants |
| What are the two types of seismic waves? | P waves or Primary waves and S waves or secondary waves |
| What type of waves are P waves? | Longitudinal waves |
| What type of wave are S waves? | Transverse |
| What types of materials can P waves travel through? | Solids, liquids and gases |
| What type of materials can S waves travel through? | Solids |
| What is the name of the device that detects earthquakes? | Seismometer |
| Name the layers of the earth starting from the centre and state whether they are solid or liquid. | "Inner core- solid Outer core- liquid Mantle –semi-solid Crust solid, |
| " Name an example of a transverse wave | light, water, any electromagnetic |
| Name an example of a longitudinal wave | Sound |
| Oscillations are along the same direction as the direction of travel is a _________ wave | longitudinal |
| Oscillations are at right angles to the direction of travel in a ____________ wave | transverse |
| The region in a longitudinal wave where particles are closest together is a … | compression |
| The region in a longitudinal wave where particels are furthest apart is a… | rarefaction |
| What do all waves transfer? | Energy |
| What are seismic waves | Waves that travel through the Earth |
| Why can we see the sun but not hear it? | Light can travel through a vacuum, sound cannot |
| The pitch of a sound is related to its | Frequency |
| The colour of light is related to its | Frequency |
| The maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its rest position is the… | Amplitude |
| The distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the next wave is the … | wavelength |
| The number of waves passing a point each second is the… | Frequency |
| The time needed for one wave to pass a given point is the… | period |
| An object is said to _________ radiation when energy from an EM wave is taken up by the object | absorb |
| An object is said to _________ radiation when a wave can pass through the object | transmit |
| The process taking place when a wave bounces off of a surface | reflection |
| The process taking place when a wave enters a different density medium and changes direction | refracion |
| Refraction changes both the _________ and ___________ of a wave | direction and speed |
| Which two angles are equal in reflection | angle of incidence and angle of reflection |
| Draw a transverse wave and label the wavelength and amplidtue | teacher to draw on board… |
| Draw a longitudinal wave and label the wavelength | teacher to draw on board… |
| Write the equation linking frequency, wavelength and wave speed | v = fλ |
| What is the unit of frequency? | Hertz (Hz) |
| What is the unit of wavelength? | metres (m) |
| What is the unit of wave speed? | metres per second (m/s) |
Created by:
Davenant Foundation School
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