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Biology Module 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Invertebrates | Animals that lack a backbone |
| Vertebrates | Animals that posses a backbone |
| Spherical symmetry | An orgganism possesses spheical symmetry if it can be cut into two identicle halves by any cut that run through the organisms center |
| Radial symmetry | An organsism possesses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center |
| Bilateral symmetry | An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two indentical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves |
| Epidermis | An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection |
| Mesenchyme | The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge. |
| Collar cells | Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge |
| Amoebocytes | Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different function in different animals. |
| Gemmule | A cluster of cells encased ina hard, spicule-reinforced shell |
| Polyp | The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other |
| Meduse | A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles |
| Epithelium | Animal tisse consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance |
| Mesoglea | The jellylike sunstance that separtes the epithelial cells ina cnidarian |
| Nematocysts | Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators |
| Testes | Organs that produces sperm |
| Ovaries | Organs that produce eggs |
| Anterior end | The end of an animal that contains its head |
| Posterior end | The end of an animal that contains its tail |
| Cirulatory system | A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creatures body |
| Nervous system | A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sounds, touch and taste |
| Ganglia | Masses of nerve cell bodies |
| Hermaphroditic | Possessing both the male and female reproductive organs |
| Regeneration | The ability to regrow a missing part of the body |
| Mantle | A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusks shell and preforms respiration |
| Shell | A tough, mutilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection but sometimes for body support |
| Visceral hump | A hump that contains a mollusks heart, digestive, and excretory organs |
| Foot | A musular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal |
| Radula | An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths |
| Univalve | An organism with a single shell |
| Bivalve | An organism with two shells |
| Do the vast majority of animals have backbones? | No |
| Determine the symmetry of the following organisms: Owl, Jellyfish, Centipede, Mushroom | E-Bilateral, J-Spherical, C-Bilateral, M-Radial |
| How to sponges get their prey? | Collar cells pull water through the sponge, and as the water passes through it, the algea and bacteria are extracted and eaten by the sponge |
| If a sponge is soft, does it contain spicules or spongin? What purpose do these substances serve in a sponge? | Spongin; Spicules provide a framework that supports the sponge |
| What is the predominant mode asexual repdrouction in a sponge? | Collar Cells |
| What roles do the amoebocytes play in the anatomy of a sponge? | . |
| When does a sponge produce gemmules? | . |
| What is the difference between the nematocysts of a hydra and those od a sea anemone? | . |
| Why do cnidarians not need respiratory or excretory systems? | . |
| Some biology books say jellyfish live "dual lives." Why? | . |
| If a jelly reproduces sexually, what form is it? | . |
| What is another name for a large coral colony? | . |
| What benefits do earthworms give the plants in the soil? | . |
| If you pick up two earthworms and the first feels very slimy near the clitellum and the second does not, what can you conclude about the first earthworm? | . |
| What similarities exist between the hydras sexual reproduction and the earthworm's? What differences exist? | . |
| What would happen to an eartworm if its cuticle gets dry? | . |
| Why dont planarians need circulatory systems? | . |
| If a flatworm has no complex nervous or digestive systems, is it more likely free-living or parasitic? | . |
| What is the main mode of asexual reproduction in a planarian? | . |
| Place each organism in on e of the following phyla: porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes. A. Sea anemone B. Clam C. Sponge D. Flatworm E. Segmented worm | . |
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