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Music App Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does music enhance? | communication |
| What is notation? | sound to paper |
| What is sacred music? | essential to Christian worship |
| What is early worship? | music traditions shift to meet needs of changing society |
| What is secular music? | social, entertainment, personal expression |
| What is the foundation of Western music? | Ancient Mediterranean cultures |
| In the Early Middle Ages (500-1000), where did the power come from? | power from kings, approval of Roman Catholic Church |
| What did Charlemagne (742-814), push for? | he had a progressive monarch, he pushed for a strong centralized government, he encouraged education, and the systematic use of music notation |
| What did the later Middle Ages (1000-1450) consist of? | 1. political, cultural consolidation 2. universities founded 3. cities emerged: cultural centers 4. literary landmarks shaped languages 5. cathedral: Notre Dame in Paris, musical center |
| Who were the first composers of Western tradition? | Leonin, Perotin |
| What was the music like in the Late Middle Ages? | necessity and recreational, crucial commodity |
| What was the Crusades? | era of violence |
| What was the songs of court minstrels consisting of? | adored women with fervor. faithful knight worshiped his lady from afar |
| What were the impacts of troubadours and trouveres? | These were two French Poet-musicians who introduced the first extensive notated tradition of love song and introduced complex instruments. |
| During the Early Renaissance, who invented printing? | Johannes Gutenberg |
| When was the fall of Constantinople, and what did this lead to? | In 1453, and Greek and Roman ancient writings distributed increased interest in human concerns (secular). Influenced architecture, painting, and sculpture. |
| What did the rise of the merchant class introduce? | 1. new group of music patrons 2. cultivated middle and upper classes 3. emergence of amateur musicians 4. printed music books available, affordable |
| What is plainchant? | the music of the church |
| Who codified church music? | Pope Gregory |
| What is liturgy? | a set order of church services |
| Was Plainchant/Gregorian chant, a single or double lined melody? | single-lined melody: monophonic texture |
| What type of text did plainchant follow? | the natural rhythm of Latin text, free-flowing, non-metric |
| What is syllabic? | one note per syllable |
| What is melismatic? | many notes per syllable |
| How were the plainchants passed down? | orally |
| What is the mass? | a church worship service that was a reenactment of Christ's Last Supper |
| What are the two types of liturgies in the mass? | Proper: variable portions Ordinary: fixed portions |
| The Gregorian chant could be described as? | conjunct. wavelike |
| The life and musician the Medieval Monastery consisted of? | prayer, scholarships, daily Offices, singing of Psalms |
| Who was Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)? | She was a renowned poet and prophet, also the daughter of a noble German couple. She found monastery in Rupertsberg, Germany. |
| Describe Hindegard of Bingen style of music. | It was very unique and original. It was melismas, which means it conveyed the meaning of the words, and it was poetical, it had brilliant imagery and creative language. |
| What is Alleluia, O Virga mediatrix? | a prayer to the Virgin Mary, specific occasion: feast day |
| What type of structure does the Alleluia, O Virga mediatrix have? | a three-part structure, with a cappella choir and soloist |
| What was the single most important feature in development of Western music? | polyphony |
| When was polyphony first notated? | in the Romanesque Era |
| Describe polyphony. | very precise rhythm, pitch indicated: exact notational system developed, 2 melodies at the same time |
| What influence did the Gothic Era have? | individual composer recognized: mostly clerics in religious communities. Extended works, varied textures and forms |
| What is the earliest type of polyphony? | Organum |
| What does organum more so focus on? | the independence of voices: 1. lower voice: Gregorian chant 2. upper voice(s): freely composed, moved rapidly 3. chant no longer recognizable |
| Who was one of the first composers of polyphonic music? | Leonin; wrote the Great Book of Organum |
| During the Renaissance, what are some things that spread? | Music making expanded through secular genres. 1. professional musicians: court and civic festivities 2. amateurs: music-making in the home 3. vocal and instrumental music 4. prosperous homes: lute or keyboard instrument |
| During the Renaissance and 19th century, what group of people received music education? | well-bred women. women achieved fame as professional singers (later 16th century) |
| During the Renaissance Madrigal, what writing shaped musical forms? | poetry |
| What was the most important secular genre of the Renaissance er? | The Madrigal: Linking Music and Poetry |
| What did Madrigal consist of? | 1. secular vocal composition for three to eight voices 2. aristocratic form, poetry and music 3. flourished at Italian courts 4. favorite diversion of cultivated amateurs 5. sung from parts of books 6. poems |
| In the early Madrigal, voices expanded to how many? | five or six |
| Who was Claudio Monteverdi? | influential, Renaissance-to-Baroque transitional composer |
| Where was Claudio Monteverdi a choir master? | St. Mark’s in Venice, thirty years |
Created by:
JefferyCWilliams