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Chemistry Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Properties | Characteristics used to describe how a substance changes or does not change its composition when interacting with other substances |
| Chemical Change | Change that involves a change in composition. Also called a chemical reaction |
| Composition | The chemical makeup of a substance |
| Extensive Properties | Characteristics that depend on the amount of substance present |
| Intensive Properties | Characteristics that do not depend on the amount of substance present |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and volume |
| Physical Change | Change that does not involve a change in composition |
| Physical Properties | Characteristics used to describe matter that are not associated with changing its chemical makeup |
| Properties | Characteristics that are used to describe a substance |
| Pure Substance | Matter that has a definite composition |
| Atom | The basic unit of a chemical element |
| Electron | A negatively charged particle that is outside the nucleus of an atom |
| Element | A pure substance that cannot be changed into simpler substances through chemical or physical means. |
| Ion | A charged particle that results when the number of protons and number of electrons differ |
| Mass Number | The sum of the protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | A particle that has no charge that makes up the nucleus of an atom |
| Proton | A positively charged particle that makes up the nucleus of an atom |
| Stable | In atoms, the condition in which a nucleus is unlikely to undergo decay |
| Crystal | Ions, molecules, or atoms held together in an ordered, three- dimensional arrangement |
| Molecule Structure | The location or atoms, groups, or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type, and location of covalent bonds |
| Molecule | A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction |
| Polymer | Substance composed of long chain of repeating units |
| Atomic Mass | Average mass of an elements isotopes |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Energy Levels | Levels of energy surrounding the nucleus occupied by electrons, also known as orbitals or shells |
| Group | A column in the periodic table |
| Nucleus | Small, dense region at the center of an atom composed of protons and neutrons |
| Period | A row in the periodic table |
| Representative Elements Series | Groups 1,2 and 13-18 on the periodic table, labeled IA- VIIIA |
| Valence electrons | Electrons located in the outermost shell or energy level of an atom |
| Neutron | Neutrally charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Mass Number | The sum of the protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an atom of an element |
| Reaction | Interaction between substances that leads to those substances changing chemically |
| Atomic Orbital | Regions around the nucleus of an atom in which there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| Periodic | Repeating in intervals |
| Periodic Table | A chart that arranges elements in order of atomic number |
| Isotope | Two or more atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons |
| Periodic Table of The Elements | Table that lists all the know chemical elements arranged by increasing atomic number from left to right and from top to bottom |
| Electronegativity | The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself from an atom of anther element |
| Compound | A substance that is composed of two or more atoms that are bonded together |
| Covalent Bond | Chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons |
| Ion | A charged particle |
| Ionic Bond | Chemical bond in which one or more electron is transferred from one atom to another |
| Metallic Bond | Chemical bond in which a positively charged metal ion and a loosely held valence electron are attracted |
| Ionic Compound | A substance that consists of oppositely charged ions |