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Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tera- (T) | 10^12g=1 of these |
| giga- (G) | 10^9g=1 of these |
| mega- (M) | 10^6g=1 of these |
| kilo- (k) | 10^3g=1 of these |
| deci- (d) | 1g=10^1 of these |
| centi- (c) | 1g=10^2 of these |
| milli- (m) | 1g=10^3 of these |
| micro- (μ) | 1g=10^6 of these |
| nano- (n) | 1g=10^9 of these |
| pico- (p) | 1g=10^12 of these |
| element | pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| homogenous mixture | a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout |
| heterogenous mixture | a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout |
| the alkali metals | Group IA (excluding hydrogen) |
| the alkaline earth metals | Group IIA |
| the halogens | group VII |
| the noble gases | group VIII |
| chemical symbol | letters that represent an element |
| group | vertical column in the periodic table |
| period | horizontal row in the periodic table |
| chemical formula | represents a compound |
| physical change | form of matter is changed, but the chemical formula is the same |
| chemical reaction | results in a change of chemical identity of the substance(s) |
| chemical equation | what happened in a chemical reaction |
| reactants | left side of the chemical equation |
| product | right side of the chemical equation |
| coefficient | number placed in front of a chemical formula to balance the substance |
| significant figures | digits in a value known with certainty plus an estimated digit |
| mass | measures the amount of material in an object |
| Density equation | D=Mass/Volume |
| specific gravity | ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water |
| specific gravity equation | SG=Density of sample/Density of water |
| Celsius to Kelvin Equation | K=C+273C |
| Fahrenheit to Celsius equation | C=(F-32F)/1.8F |
| Celsius to Fahrenheit Equation | F=(1.8FxC)+32F |
| energy | capacity to do work or supply heat |
| potential energy | stored chemical energy |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| heat | kinetic energy flowing from a warmer body to a colder one |
| state of matter | physical form in which matter exists |
| solid | definite shape and definite volume |
| liquid | definite volume, takes shape of container |
| gas | no definite shape or volume |
| precise | repeated measurements that are similar in value, but may not be accurate |
| accuracy | measurements close to the actual or true value, but may not be precise |
| properties of metals | good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, shiny |
| malleable | bends, not breaks |
| ductile | can be drawn into a thin wire |
| properties of non-metals | do not conduct heat or electricity, brittle, non-ductile, dull |
| colvanlent | nonmetal and nonmetal compound |
| ionic | metal and nonmetal compound |
| alloy | mixture of two or more metals. NOT a compound |
| proton | positively charged subatomic particle |
| electron | negatively charged subatomic particle |
| neutron | subatomic particles with no charge |
| nucleus | protons and neutrons in an atom |
| electron cloud | area containing electrons |
| atomic mass unit (AMU) | one of these is equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron |
| atomic number | number of protons present in an atom/element |
| mass number | number of protons and neutrons |
| isotope | element that has atoms containing the same number of protons but different amounts of neutrons |
| nuclear radiation | energy given off from the nucleus of an atom |
| radioactive | elements that spontaneously emit radiation |
| radioactive decay | unstable isotopes becoming stable by emitting radiation |
| alpha decay | radioactive decay by emission of an alpha particle (4/2 He) |
| beta decay | radioactive decay in which an electron is emitted (0/-1 e) |
| gamma decay | radioactive decay where gamma rays are emitted (0/0 y) |
| positron decay | radioactive decay in which a positive electron is emitted (0/1 e) |
| neutron decay | radioactive decay in which a neutron is emitted (1/0 n) |
| sievert (Sv) | SI unit that measures effect of radiation of biological particles |
| nuclear decay equation | radioactive nucleus undergoing decay -> new nucleus formed+radiation emitted |
| curie (Ci) | a unit of measure used to describe the amount of radioactivity in a sample of material |
| activity | how quickly radiation is emitted |
| half-life | time it takes for one-half of the atoms in the sample to decay |
| n=1, n=4 | Holds 2 electrons |
| n=2, n=3 | holds 8 electrons |
| valence | electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom |
| group | how can you tell how many electrons can be found in a certain electron level? |
| period | how can you tell how many energy levels are in an atom |
| ions | gain or lose electrons |
| cations | positively charged ions. typically only metals |
| anions | negatively charged ions. typically only main group nonmetals |
| ammonium | NH4+ |
| chlorate | ClO3- |
| nitrate | NO3- |
| bicarbonate | HCO3- |
| carbonate | CO3-2 |
| sulfate | SO4-2 |
| phosphate | PO4-3 |
| hydroxide | OH- |
| mole | 6.02x10^23 atoms/molecules |
| average atomic mass | the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element |
| nuclear medicine | application of either diagnosis or treatment based on the concept and use of certain unstable isotopes that give off particles and/or energy |
| Henri Becquerel | discovered radioactivity of uranium |
Created by:
sguyett
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