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Unit 2

The atom and periodic table

TermDefinition
Atomic radius Atomic radius is generally stated as being the total distance from an atom's nucleus to the outermost orbital of electron.
Chemical family a group of elements in the Periodic Table
EM spectrum the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.
Electronegativity Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom participating in a covalent bond to attract the bonding electrons.
Frequency the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample.
Ionic Radius the distance between the nucleus and the electron in the outermost shell of an ion.
Ionization Energy the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.
Isotopes Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number and position in the periodic table
Planck's constant a fundamental constant, equal to the energy of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation divided by its frequency, with a value of 6.626 × 10−34 joule-seconds.
Valence electrons is a negatively charged particle, located in the outermost shell of an atom
Wavelength the distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.
Alkali Metals any of the elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, occupying Group IA (1) of the periodic table.
Alkaline earth metals any of the elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, occupying Group IIA (2) of the periodic table.
Atom the basic unit of a chemical element.
Atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table
Average atomic mass the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element.
Electrons a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.
Electron Affinity an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is attached to a neutral atom or molecule
Helogens any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table.
Mass number the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
Neutrons a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.
Noble gases any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, occupying Group 0 (18) of the periodic table.
Nucleus the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.
oxidation number a number assigned to an element in chemical combination which represents the number of electrons lost (or gained, if the number is negative), by an atom of that element in the compound.
photon a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation.
proton a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign.
speed of light is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics. Its exact value is defined as 299792458 metres per second.
Transition metals any of the set of metallic elements occupying a central block (Groups IVB–VIII, IB, and IIB, or 4–12) in the periodic table
Created by: William Currie
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