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Acids

CSEC Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
Why do lemon juice and vinegar taste sour? They contain acids.
Acids react with bases to form salt and water
ALL acids have this in their formula hydrogen
Why does the term 'anhydrous' mean? Not dissolved in water
What is the formula for hydrochloric acid? HCl
Which acid has the formula H2SO4? Sulfuric acid
What is the formula for nitric acid? HNO3
Which acid has the formula H3PO4? Phosphoric acid
Name the acid with the formula HCOOH. Methanoic acid
Name the acid with the formula CH3COOH. Ethanoic acid
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid? An acid is a proton donor.
What are 5 general characteristics of acids? Sour taste pH less than 7 They change blue litmus to red They are corrosive They are electrolytes (they conduct an electric current)
reactive metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen
metal carbonate + acid -> salt + carbon dioxide + water
metal hydrogencarbonate + acid -> salt + carbon dioxide + water
Name the type of reaction which occurs when acids react with bases. Neutralization
metal oxide + acid -> salt + water
metal hydroxide + acid -> salt + water
What is basicity/proticity of an acid? It is the number of H+ ions produced per molecule of acid when it dissolved in water / the number of replaceable hydrogens.
Monobasic acids produce one H+ ion per molecule when it dissolved in water
Dibasic acids produce two H+ ions per molecule when it dissolves in water
Tribasic acids produce three H+ ions per molecule when it dissolves in water
What is an acid anhydride? It is a compound which reacts with water to form an acid.
What is a dilute acid? It is one that contains a lot of water.
What is a concentrated acid? It is one that contains very little water.
What is a strong acid? An acid which is fully ionised when dissolved in water e.g. hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
What is a weak acid? An acid which is only partially ionised when dissolved in water e.g. carbonic acid and ethanoic acid.
Where can ascorbic acid/vitamin C (C6H8O6) be found naturally? In many foods, e.g. citrus fruits, West Indian cherries, sweet peppers, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables.
Where can methanoic acid (HCOOH) be found naturally? In the venom of bee and ant stings
Where can lactic acid(C3H6O3) be found naturally? Produced in muscle cells during strenuous activity
Where can ethanoic acid(CH3COOH) be found ? In vinegar
Where can citric acid(C6H8O7) be found? In citrus fruits, e.g.limes
What is the result of vitamin C deficiency in the diet? Scurvy
What happens to vitamin C during cooking? Vitamin C is destroyed by becoming oxidised.
Why is sodium hydrogen carbonate sometimes added to fruits and vegetables? It causes them to improve their appearance and texture since it neutralizes any vitamin C present thereby reducing the vitamin C content.
Stings can be treated by applying a paste of sodium hydrogen carbonate or calamine lotion which contains zinc hydrogen carbonate. Why? These neutralize methanoic acid.
Why can vinegar be used to preserve certain food items? Being acidic, it has a low pH, which denatures (destroys) the enzymes that cause decay and inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Why can limes be used to remove rust stains from clothing? The acid in the lime juice reacts with the iron(III) oxide(Fe2O3) in the rust making a soluble compound which can be washed out of the clothes. Fe2O3(s) + 6H+(aq) -> 2Fe2+ (aq) + 3H20(l)
Created by: Ms.Kumar
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