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Chem Vocab #4 Q1

Chem Vocab #4 Q1 Chapter 3 Sections

TermDefinition
element A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.
periodic table A tool used in chemistry which organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups or families.
compound Made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically. Most matter in the universe exists in the form.
law of definite proportions States that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the sample.
percent by mass The ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage.
law of multiple proportions States that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers.
Boron A chemical element with the atomic number 5. In its crystalline form it is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphous form it is a brown powder.
Carbon A chemical element with the atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It is known as "the backbone of life".
Nitrogen A chemical element with the atomic number 7. It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. It makes up 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.
Oxygen A chemical element with the atomic number 8. It is highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. It makes up 21% of Earth's atmosphere.
Created by: Mr. Bryant
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