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Music App Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a succession of single pitches perceived by the ear as a unity; in other words a line or the tune, in music? | melody |
| Each melody is unique in _____ (how it moves up and down) and in _______, or span of pitches. | contour; range |
| What is a the overall shape of melodic line? It can move upward or downward or remain static. | contour |
| What is the distance between the lowest and highest pitches of a melody, an instrument or a voice? | range |
| What is the distance and relationship between two pitches? | interval |
| What is a melody that moves in smooth, small connected intervals? | conjunct |
| What is a disjointed or disconnected melody with many leaps? | disjunct |
| What are the units that make up a melody, (A musical unit; often a component of a melody? | phrases |
| What are resting places in a musical phrase; a musical punctuation? | cadences |
| What is a accompanying melody sounded against the principle melody? | countermelody |
| What is the highness or lowness of a note, depending on the frequency? | pitch |
| What is the rate of vibration of a string or column of air, which determines pitch? | frequency |
| What is musical symbol denoting pitch and duration? | note |
| What are the five parallel lines in which notes are written? | staff |
| What is the length of time something lasts; the vibration of a musical sound? | duration |
| What is the degree of loudness or softness of a sound? | volume |
| What is the quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another? | tone color; also timbre |
| What is the arrangement of rhyming words or corresponding sounds at the end of poetic lines? | rhyme scheme |
| What is the high point in a melodic line or piece of music, usually representing the peak of intensity, range, and dynamics? | climax |
| What is an accompanying melody sounded against the principle melody? | countermelody |
| What is the controlled movement of music in time? | rhythm |
| What is the organization of rhythm in time; the grouping of beats into larger regular patterns, notated as measures | meter |
| What is the metric grouping of beats, notated on the musical staff with bar lines? | measure or bar |
| What is the regular pulsation; a basic unit of length in musical time? | beats |
| What is the first beat of a measure; the strongest in any meter? | downbeat |
| What is a meter in which the beat is divided into two, as in duple, triple, and quadruple meters? | simple meter |
| What divides a beat into three rather than two? | compound meter |
| What three components do rhythmic complexities occur with? | offbeats, syncopation, and polyrhythm |
| What is a weak beat or weak portion of a beat? | offbeats |
| What is a deliberate upsetting of the meter or pulse through a temporary shifting of the accent to a weak beat or an offbeat? | syncopation |
| What is the simultaneous use of several rhythmic patterns or meters, common in twentieth-century music and certain African musics? | polyrhythm |
| What is the emphasis on a beat resulting in its being louder or longer than another in a measure? | accent |
| What are vertical lines on a staff that separate measures, or bars? | measure (bar) lines |
| What is the basic metrical pattern of two beats to a measure? | duple meter |
| What is the basic metrical pattern of three beats to a measure? | triple meter |
| What is the basic metrical pattern of four beats to a measure? | quadruple meter |
| What is the meter in which the beat is divided into two, as in duple, triple, and quadruple meters? | simple meter |
| What is a compound metrical pattern of six beats to a measure? | sextuple meter |
| What is the last beat of a measure, a weak beat that anticipates the downbeat? | upbeat |
| What is music lacking a strong sense of beat or meter, common in certain non-western cultures? | nonmetric |
| What is the simultaneous combination of notes and the ensuring relationships of intervals and chords? | harmony |
| What is a simultaneous combination of three or more pitches that constitute a single block of harmony? | chord |
| What is a series of pitches in ascending or descending order, comprising the notes of a key? | scale |
| What is a common chord type, consisting of three pitches built on alternate notes of the scale? | triad |
| What is a scale consisting of seven different pitches that comprise a specific pattern of whole and half steps? (W-W-H-W-W-W-H) | major scale |
| What is a scale consisting of seven different pitches that comprise a specific pattern of whole and half steps? (W-H-W-W-H-W-W) | minor scale |
| What is the first note of the scale , or key; do? | tonic |
| What is the principle of organization around tonic, or home, pitch, based on a major or minor scale? | tonality |
| What is a combination of tones that sounds discordant and unstable, in need of resolution? | dissonance |
| What is concordant or harmonious combination of pitches that provides a sense of relaxation and stability in music? | consonance |
| What is the interval between two notes eight diatonic pitches apart? The lower note vibrates half as fast as the upper and sounds an octave lower. | octave |
| What is the smallest interval used in the Western system; the octave divides into twelve such intervals; on the piano, the distance between any two adjacent keys, whether black or white. Also semitone. | half steps |
| What is an interval consisting of two half steps? | whole step |
| What is a melody or harmony built from many if not all twelve pitches of the octave? | chromatic scale |
| What does a chromatic scale consist of? | an ascending or descending sequence of half steps |
| What is a melody or harmony from the seven pitches of a major or minor scale? | diatonic |
| What does a diatonic scale encompass? | it encompasses patterns of seven whole steps and half steps |
| What is a musical symbol (#) that indicates raising a pitch by a half step? | sharp |
| What is a musical symbol (b) that indicates lowering a pitch by a half step? | flat |
| What is a musical interval smaller than a semitone (half step), prevalent in some non-Western musics and some twentieth century music? | microtone |
| What is the triad built on the first scale note, the I chord? | tonic chord |
| What are chords in the diatonic system that need to resolve to the tonic chord? | active chords |
| Active chords include ____ and ______ chords. | dominant and subdominant |
| What is the chord built on the fifth scale step, the V chord? | dominant |
| What is the chord built on the fourth scale step, the IV chord? | subdominant |
| What defines the relationship of pitches with a common center, or tonic? | key |
| What is the shifting of a pitch of music to a different pitch level? | transpostion |
| What is the process of changing from one key to another? | modulation |
| What is a five-note pattern, used in some African, Far Eastern, and Native American musics; can also be found in Western music as an example of exoticism? | pentatonic scale |
| What is a small alteration of a pitch microtonal interval? | inflection |
| What is a chord that achieves a sense of resolution or completion, normally the tonic? | rest chord |
| What is the interweaving of melodic (horizontal) and harmonic (vertical) elements in the musical fabric? | texture |
| What is the single-lined texture, or melody without accompaniment? | monophonic |
| What are two or more Melodic lines combined into a multivoiced texture, as distinct from monophonic? | polyphonic |
| What is the art in combining in a single texture two or more melodic lines? | counterpoint |
| What is texture with a principle melody and accompanying harmony, and distinct from polyphony? | homophony |
| What is the melodic idea presented in one voice or part and then restated in another, each part continuing as others enter? | imitation |
| What is a type of polyphonic composition in which one musical line strictly imitates another at a fixed distance throughout? | canon |
| What is a perpetual canon at the unison in which each voice enters in succession with the same melody? | round |
| What is the structure and design in music, based on repetition, contrast, and variation; the organizing principle of music? | form |
| What is the song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem? | strophic form |
| What is the song structure that is composed from beginning to end, without repetitions of large sections? | through-composed form |
| What is the two-part (A-B) form with which each section normally repeated? Also two-part form. | binary form (A-B) |
| What is the three-part form (A-B-A) based on a statement (A), contrast (B), and repetition (A). Also three-part form. | ternary form |
| What is the melodic idea used as a basic building block in the construction of a piece? Also subject. | theme |
| What is the short melodic or rhythmic idea; the smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-harmonic-rhythmic unit? | motive |
| What is the restatement of an idea or motive at a different pitch level? | sequence |
| What is the performance style with a singing leader who is imitated by a chorus of followers? Also responsorial singing. | call-and-response |
| What is singing, especially in Gregorian chant, in which a soloist or a group of soloists alternates with the choir? | responsorial singing |
| What is the creation of a musical composition while it is being performed, as in Baroque ornamentation, cadenzas of concertos, jazz, and some non-Western musics? | improvisation |
| What is a short melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic pattern that is repeated throughout a work or a section? | ostinato |
| What is a complete, self-contained part within a larger musical work? | movement |
| What is the use of opposing musical elements to emphasize difference and variety? | contrast |
| What is the compositional procedure of altering a preexisting musical idea? | variation |
| What is the musical expansion of a theme by varying its melodic outline, harmony, and rhythm? Also thematic transformation. | thematic development |
| What is the rate of speed or pace of the music? | tempo |
| What is the element of musical expression relating to the degree of loudness or softness, or volume, of a sound? | dynamics |
| What is a textless vocal melody, as in an exercise or concert piece? | vocalise |
| What is a jazz style that sets syllables without meaning (vocables) to an improvised vocal line? | scat-singing |
| What is non-religious music; when there is text, it's usually in the vernacular? | secular music |
| What is the common language spoken by the people as distinguishes from the literary language, or language of the educated elite? | vernacular |
| What is religious or spiritual music, for church or devotional use? | sacred |
| What is the melodic style of one note set to each text syllable? | syllabic |
| What is the melodic style with two to four notes set to each syllable? | neumatic |
| What is the melodic style characterized by many notes sung to a single text syllable? | melismatic |
| What is the musical pictorialization of words as an expressive device; a prominent feature of the Renaissance madrigal? | word-painting |
| What is the syllable that does not carry specific meaning; a nonsense syllable? | nonlexical |
| What is a unit or verse of music; also a strophe? | stanza |
| What is a text or music that is repeated within a larger form? | refrain |
| What is a fairly large group of singers who perform together, usually with several on each part. Also a choral movement of a large-scale work? | chorus |
| What is the quality of sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another? Also tone color. | timbre |
| What is the quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another? | tone color |
| What is a mechanism that generates musical vibrations and transmits them into the air? | instrument |
| What is the high-ranged voice, normally possessed by women and boys? | soprano |
| What is the lowest of the female voices? | alto |
| What is a male voice at high range? Also a part, often structural, in polyphony. | tenor |
| What is the lowest of the male voices? | bass |
| What are instruments such as the flute, whistle or horn, that produce sound by using air as the primary vibrating means? | aerophones |
| What are instruments that produce sound from a vibrating string stretch between two points; the string may be set in motion by bowing, striking, or plucking? (violins or guitars) | chordophone |
| What are instruments that produces sound from the substance of the instrument itself by being struck, blown, shaken, scraped, or rubbed? (bells and cymbals) | idiophone |
| What is any instrument that produces sound from tightly stretched membranes that can be struck? (drum) | membranophone |
| What is the specific area in the range of an instrument or voice? | register |
| What is a female voice of middle range? | mezzo-soprano |
| What is a male voice of moderately low range? | baritone |
| What is a small fluctuation of pitch used as an expressive device to intensify a sound? | vibrato |
| What is a wind instrument popular in Eastern and Western Europe that has several tubes? | bagpipe |
| What are the four families of Western instruments? | strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion |
| What are bowed and plucked instruments whose sound is produced by the vibration of one or more strings? Also chordophone. | string instruments |
| What is the instrumental family made of wood or metal whose tone is produced by a column of air vibrating within a pipe that has holes along its length? | woodwind |
| What is a wind instrument with a cup-shaped mouthpiece, a tube that flares into a bell, and slides or valves to vary the pitch? | brass instrument |
| What is a instrument made of metal, wood, stretched skin, or other material that is made to sound by striking, shaking, scraping, or plucking? | percussion instrument |
| What is a slightly curved stick with hair or fibers attached at both ends, drawn over the string of an instrument to set them in motion? | bow |
| What is the sound the strings of an instrument using fingers or a plectrum or pick? | pluck |
| What does it mean to perform the same note with more than one voice or instrument, either at the same pitch level or an octave higher or lower? | double |
| What means smooth and connected; opposite of staccato? | legato |
| What are short, detached notes, marked with a dot above them? | staccato |
| What is a stage direction meaning to pluck a string of a bowed instrument with the finger? | pizzicato |
| What is a small fluctuation of pitch used as an expressive device intensify a sound? | vibrato |
| What is a rapid slide through pitches of a scale? | glissando |
| What is a rapid repetition of a note; can easily achieved instrumentally or vocally? | tremolo |
| What is the placement of the lips, lower facial muscles, and jaws in playing a wind instrument? | embouchure |
| What is a choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment? | a cappella |
| What is ensemble music for up to about ten players, with one player to a part? | chamber music |
| What is chamber music ensemble consisting of two violins, viola, and cello? | string quartet |
| What is a standard chamber ensemble of piano with violin and cello? | piano trio |
| What is the standard chamber ensemble made up of two trumpets, horn, trombone, and tuba? | brass quintets |
| What is a diverse group of multiple strings with various cultures? | orchestra |
| What is the instrumental ensemble ranging from forty to eighty members or more, consisting of wind or percussion instruments? | wind band |
| What is the instrumental ensemble for entertainment at sporting events and parades? | marching band |
| What is the instrumental ensemble made up of reed, brass, and rhythm sections? | jazz |
| What is a style of popular music with roots of rock n' roll but differing in lyric content recording technique, song length and form, and range of sounds? | rock |
| What is a person who, by means of gestures, leads performances of music ensembles, especially orchestras, bands, or choruses? | conductor |
| What does SATB stand for? | abbreviation for the standard voices a chorus; Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass |
| What is choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment? | a cappella |
| What is a musical ensemble of Java or Bali? | gamelan |
| What is a thin stick used by the conductor, usually painted white? | baton |
| Who is the first chair violinist of a symphony orchestra? | concertmaster |
| What is the general term describing the standard category and overall character of a work? | category |
| What are the performing forces employed in a certain musical work? | medium |
| What is music that is transmitted by example or imitation and performed from memory? | oral transmission |
Created by:
JefferyCWilliams