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Atomic Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which two subatomic particles can be found in the nucleus of an atom? | Protons and neutrons |
| Where can electrons be found? | Outside the nucleus, on electron shells/orbitals |
| What is a major characteristic of neutral atoms? | The number of electrons is always equal to the number of protons. They are uncharged. |
| Define 'atomic number'. | This is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Atomic number also known as proton number. |
| How is the periodic table arranged? | All known elements are arranged based on their atomic (proton) number. |
| What is the maximum number of electrons which can be held on the first, second and third electron shell respectively? | 2, 8, 8 (the third shell can actually hold up to 18) - that's covered in advanced A level Chemistry. |
| What is the relative mass of a proton? | 1 |
| What is the relative mass of a neutron? | 1 |
| What is the relative mass of an electron? | 0.0005 |
| What is the relative charge on a proton? | +1 |
| What is the relative charge on a neutron? | 0 : No charge |
| What is the relative charge on an electron? | -1 |
| Define 'mass number' | This is the number of protons + number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| What is the name for positively charged ions? | Cations |
| What is the name for negatively charged ions? | Anions |
| What are ions? | Atoms which have lost or gained electrons |
| What is the electronic configuration of H ? | 1 |
| What is the electronic configuration of F ? | 2,7 |
| What is the electronic configuration of Al? | 2,8,3 |
| When metals lose their electrons they become | positively charged ions (cations) |
| When non-metals gain electrons they become | negatively charged ions (anions) |
| What is an atom? | An atom is the smallest component of an element that can exist and still have the same chemical properties as the element. |
| What is the atomic symbol of chlorine? | Cl |
| What is the atomic symbol of fluorine? | F |
| What is the atomic symbol of oxygen? | O |
| State the names of the three main subatomic particles. | Protons, neutrons and electrons |
| Where is most of the mass of an atom found? | In the nucleus |
| Which part of the atom participates in chemical reactions such as bonding? | The electrons |
| Which subatomic particle acts as the unique identifier for each element ? | Protons (number of protons) No two elements have the same number of protons. |
| How can the number of neutrons in an atom be calculated? | Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number |
| Which subatomic particle is responsible for volume of an atom? | Electrons ( occupying space on orbitals outside nucleus) |
| Which subatomic particles are responsible for mass of an atom? | Protons and neutrons (found in the nucleus of an atom) |
| What do electrons on the same energy orbital/shell have in common? | They have the same amount of energy. |
Created by:
Ms.Kumar
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