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Basic Chemistry
Week 1 Chem/Physics PPts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter is composed of | atoms |
| atoms are composed of | electrons, neutrons, protons (and others) |
| Atoms show the characteristics of | Elements |
| Elements are made up of | Atoms |
| Daltons Laws: True or False All matter is made of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms | FALSE- atoms can be broken open or combined (fission or fusion) |
| Daltons Laws: True or False All atoms of a given element are identical | FALSE- isotopes, have a different number of electrons Eg. deterium |
| Daltons Laws: True or False Atoms of different elements have different properties | True |
| Daltons Laws: True or False Atoms are neither created or destroyed in chemical reactions | True They obey the law of conservation of matter |
| Daltons Laws: True or False Atoms of different elements for compounds in who number ratios | True |
| Fission | Neutron induced creates large amounts of energy Atomic Bomb and nuclear |
| Fusion | fusing two together to create new element and tons of energy |
| Whats in the nucleus of an atom | protons and neutrons |
| the number of electrons equals | the number of protons in the nucleus (if not, you have an ion) |
| Free radicals | created in the body when there is no charge on an atom but has an unpaired valence electron. highly unstable. can cause damage to body |
| Formation of free radicals | Normal metabolic processes (metabolism) because of an external source (x-rays, ozone, air pollutants) |
| Chronic exposure to free radicals | Aging of cells (cancer, etc) |
| Antioxidants | protect the body from free radicals, donating an electron and making the free radical stable |
| Electrons | negatively charged, orbit the shell, each element (except for hydrogen) wants to have 8 in its valence shell earth away from nucleus is more unstable/has higher energy |
| Electrons moving down/up orbitals causes what | energy to be used or given off (heat, light) |
| Element | a substance that cannot be broken down/separated into simpler substances |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic Mass | the number of particles (protons and neutrons) of an atom Protons+Neutrons |
| Isotope | An element having a different number of neutrons |
| Mass is | Matter |
| Atomic Weight | average of all isotopes of an element and most common naturally occurring form |
| 1 mole of atoms = | grams of atoms |
| 1 amu = | 6.02x10^23 Moles |
| a mole of an element/atom = | its atomic weight/mass in grams |
| Matter has... | mass and takes up space |
| 3 phases of existence of molecules | solid, liquid, gas |
| True/False Mass is a given quantity of matter in an object | TRUE |
| True/False Mass and Weight are the same | FALSE mass=will NEVER change (3 particles on earth is 3 particle on the moon) weight= will change (3 particles on earth weighs less than 3 particle on the moon, due to gravitational pull of earth) |
| Gravitational Pull (explain its effect on weight) | the force acting on a things MATTER farther away = less pull = less weight (force) to hold it "down" |
| What happens when matter changes states (solid, liquid, gas) | Energy is absorbed or released |
| Latent Heat | the amount of heat given or absorbed when a substance changes physical states |
| Latent Heat of Vaporization | the amount of energy a given substance absorbs to overcome the attractive forces between molecules |
| Brownian Motion | the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (either liquid or gas) b/c of their collision with other atoms/molecules in the gas/liquid |
| 3 ways molecules move | vibration, unidirectional (translational), rotational |
| the change in the composition of matter is called | a chemical change |
| Chemical Change = | atoms/molecules of 2 or more substances rearrange to form 2 or more new substances having different properties |
| RedOx Rxt | making water from H2 and 02 |
| Hydrogen during RedOx | oxidized, loses and electron |
| Oxygen during RedOx | reduced, gain of an electron |
| Volume | the measure of the amount of space enclosed by a surface the space occupied by a given number of particles measured inside an enclosure |
| Molecule | 2 or more atoms chemically joined together |
| Compound | a molecule (2 or more atoms) that has at least 2 different elements |
| Molecule examples | O2, H2, H2O |
| Compound examples | H2O, C2H5OH |
| Molecule is a compound | compound is a molecule with two DIFFERENT elements |
| Intermolecular forces | forces between molecules |
| intramolecular forces | forces within a molecule |
| types of intramolecular forces | forms BONDS covalent bonding ionic bonding |
| types of intermolecular forces | hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, London dispersion |
| dipole-dipole | intermolecular attraction forces |
| Saturated molecules | single covalent bonds between carbon (no double bonds) |
| un-saturated | carbon chains containing double bonds (molecules are bent) |
| Molecular Weight | the total of all atomic weights of the elements combined |
| Gram molecular weight (GMW) | the molecular weight expressed in grams AKA a Mole |
| GMW = | 1 mole |
| 1 mole= | 6.02x10^23 molecules at STP |
| One GMV (or mole) of a gas takes up _______ space | Occupies 22.4L at STP |
| STP | 0 degrees C or 273K 1 atmosphere |
| a GMW of solid or gas = _______ molecules and takes up ______ space | 1 mole (6.02x10^23 molecules) 22.4L |
| Avagadro's Law | equal volumes of gas under the same conditions (eg STP) will contain the same number of molecules |
| The volume of a gas at STP is proportional to ______ | the number of molecules |
| Equal volumes of gas under STP equals ________ | the same number of molecules |
| Density | the MASS of a substance per unit of volume weight/volume |
| Weight/volume = | density |
| Units of density (weight/volume) | GW/GMW gram/cm3 cm3=mL grams/liter |
| 1L = _____ Moles | 1/22.4mol O2 |
| Specific Gravity | the weight of a unit of volume of liquid or gas compared to a unit of volume of water or dry air the ratio between two densities (density is weight/volume) |
| Baricity is | the density relative to CSF how a drug would spread in the intrathecal space |
| Gravity | the force that attracts objects together along the line of center between the two objects |
| Force of gravity | varies inversely with the square of the distance between the centers 1/d^2 (farther away = less attraction) |
| Cohesion | (two things that work together) the interaction between LIKE molecules have mutual attraction closer together= more attraction |
| Adhesion | interaction between UNLIKE molecules |
| Cohesive Forces | the intermolecular forces between like molecules liquids don't like to separate |
| Cohesion vs Adhesion | competition |
| Adhesion and Cohesion are inter or intra molecular forces | intermolecular forces |
| Water bond angle/dipole | electrons spend more time closer to O than H2, causes a dipole on oxygen bond angle is bent |
| Water molecule properties in ice | Less dense (density is weight/volume), expands to length of hydrogen bonds, causes ice to float |
| Key Properties of Water | dipolar nature makes it universal solvent has high latent heat (stores more, releases slowly) high heat of vaporization (large amount of heat required to break h bonds, heat is carried off as water vapor) dissociates into H and OH (acid/base) |
| London Dispersion/Van der waals | the weak, short range ELECTROSTATIC attractive forces between uncharged molecules result from permanent or transient dipole moments |
| Dipole moment (electric) | the measure of the separation of electrostatic charges (+ vs -) within a system (molecule, compound) and shows its overall polarity |
Created by:
lokandrews
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