Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Microbiology
Weeks 1 - 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following diseases is generally caused by contaminated food? | Shigellosis |
| “Animalcules” were first described by | Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
| A microscope that provides a three-dimensional image of a specimen is a | scanning electron microscope |
| Which of the following scientists discovered the antibiotic properties of Penicillium? | Alexander Fleming |
| Which scientist is most responsible for ending the controversy about spontaneous generation? | Louis Pasteur Correct |
| Molds belong to which of the following groups of eukaryotic organisms? | fungi |
| Which of the following is used to add color to microbes so they can be better observed under a microscope? | stains and dyes |
| Complex communities of microorganisms on surfaces are called | biofilms |
| A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides nutrients for another is called | commensalism |
| Which of the following scientists performed the first vaccination against smallpox? | Jenner |
| The cell organelles found only in algae and plant cells are | chloroplasts |
| The structures that can move fluid, mucus, or cells over the surface of a cell are | cilia |
| The cell organelle responsible for the packaging of proteins is the | Golgi |
| Which of the following organelles contain oxidative enzymes capable of oxidizing toxic substances? | Perioxisomes |
| Which of the following organisms produces toxins that target cholesterol? | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Which of the following is an active transport mechanism? | pinocytosis |
| Binary fission is a form of reproduction used by | bacteria |
| The actual genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its | genotype |
| A special structure formed by some bacterial cells to allow them to survive in harsh conditions is called a(n)________________________. | endospore |
| Formic acid is a fermentation product of | Actinomyces |
| Rod-shaped bacteria, some of which are endospore forming, are referred to as | bacilli |
| Beadlike chains of cocci formed after cell division along a single axis are called | streptococci |
| The causative agent for Lyme disease is a | spirochete |
| Bacteria that use organic compounds as the source of both carbon and energy are referred to as | chemoheterotrophs |
| Microorganisms that show optimal growth in moderate temperatures (between 25° C and 40° C) are called | mesophiles |
| Which of the following organisms is a common cause of peptic ulcers? | Helicobacter pylor |
| Legionella and Neisseria are examples of | gram-negative aerobic rods and cocc |
| Staphylococci and streptococci are best classified in the group of | gram-positive cocci |
| Bacteria that prefer high levels of salt in their growing environment are referred to as | halophiles |
| The time bacteria need to adapt to a medium before cell division starts is called the __________ phase of a bacterial growth curve. | lag |
| Viruses can infect | all organisms |
| The correct sequence of stages in the multiplication of animal viruses is | Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, release |
| A persistent infection that is not lytic but productive is called a __________ infection. | chronic |
| Which of the following viruses belong to the family Herpesviridae? | epstein-barr virus |
| The most common viruses causing respiratory illness belong to | Adenoviridae |
| Which of the following bunyaviruses is not arthropod-borne? | Hantavirus |
| Which of the following diseases is caused by a human coronavirus? | SARS |
| Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are caused by | prions |
| The phase of viral multiplication where no infectious phage particles can be found in the host cell is referred to as the ____________ period. | Eclipse |
| A virus that infects bacteria is referred to as a __________ | bacteriophage |
| The antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin are produced by | fungi |
| Fungi are free-living _________ organisms. | heterotrophic |
| The so-called “red tide” is generally caused by which of the following organisms? | Dinoflagellates |
| Which of the following microorganisms require a moist environment to survive and most often live in ponds, streams, lakes, and oceans? | Protozoans |
| Plasmodium is a type of | Protozoans |
| Toxoplasma gondii belongs to which group of eukaryotic organisms? | protozoans |
| Which of the following is commonly referred to as a pinworm? | Enterobius vermicularis |
| The protozoan that lacks a cyst stage and therefore must be transferred quickly from host to host is | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| The process by which the nucleus of protozoans undergoes multiple divisions before the cell divides is called | schizogony |
| Many species of protozoans are capable of entering a dormant stage in which the organism exists as a __________ | cyst |
| Decontamination is defined as the | reduction or removal of unwanted chemical or biological agents |
| Which of the following has a higher resistance to environmental stresses than the others? | bacterial endocpores |
| Which of the following methods is the simplest heat-related method to sterilize metal? | direct flaming |
| The technique that combines freezing and drying to preserve microbes and other cells is | lyophilization |
| The term “zone of inhibition” is used in which of the following procedures? | Disk-diffusion test |
| Which of the following is a general-purpose medium? | Tryptic soy agar |
| The destruction of all microorganisms and their endospores is referred to as | sterilization |
| Which of the following stains is the most widely used differential stain in hematology laboratories? | Wrights stain |
| Media that contain complex organic substances such as blood for the growth of specific bacteria are referred to as | enriched media |
| The stain used to identify bacteria with a large amount of peptidoglycan in their cell walls is the | gram stain |
| The branch of pharmacology that addresses drug amounts at various sites in the body after drug administration is called | pharmacokinetics |
| The most rapid rate of drug absorption is achieved by __________ administration. | intravenous |
| The specific antidote to botulinum toxin is | antitoxin |
| The term used to indicate the extent to which a drug reaches its site of action is | bioavailibility |
| All of the following are general metabolic or structural targets for antimicrobial drugs except | Lipid synthesis inhibition |
| Which of the following is not a common characteristic used in the selection of an antimicrobial drug? | Ability to administer intravenouslyl |
| The term bacteriostatic means that bacteria | no longer can multiply |
| When two antibiotics are given together to increase the therapeutic effect, the phenomenon is referred to as | synergism |
| Which of the following antimicrobials is effective against mycobacteria? | Rifampin |
| Which of the following is an antiviral agent? | Amantadine |
| Which type of symbiosis benefits both members? | mutualism |
| The presence of microbes in or on the body is a(n) | contamination |
| When a pathogen spreads from the original site to other tissues or organs it is called a(n) __________ infection. | focal |
| Which of the following is likely to be the most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens? | respiratory tract |
| The number of new cases of a disease over a certain period of time compared with the general healthy population is a referred to as | prevalence |
| An antibody is | a protein produced by plasma cells |
| Which of the following provide defense against viral infections? | interferons |
| Immunity that is a result of an actual infection is called | naturally acquired active immunity |
| Which of the following is not part of the second line of defense? | pH of the skin |
| GALT is an example of a collection of lymphatic nodules in the | small intestine |
| Langerhans cells, which play a role in defense against microbes, are located in the | epidermis |
| Which of the following organisms is the causative agent of skin infections and toxic shock syndrome? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| The organism often called “flesh-eating bacteria” is | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Warts are commonly caused by the | human papillomavirus |
| Diaper rash in infants is commonly caused by | Candida albicans |
| Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the | scalp |
| The most important fungi that cause diseases of the skin, hair, and nails are called | dermatophytes |
| It is often difficult for antibiotics to effectively reach the infection site of osteomyelitis primarily because of | destruction of the local blood supply |
| “Athlete’s foot” is referred to as | tinea pedis |
| The papillary layer of the skin is part of the | dermis |
| All of the following are structures of the lower respiratory system except | pharynx |
| Which of the following organisms is commonly found in the normal flora of the upper respiratory system? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Whooping cough is caused by the organism | Bordetella pertussis |
| Tuberculosis is transmitted primarily through | fomites |
| Which of the following geographic areas contains reservoirs for Coccidioides immitis? | Arizona |
| The “strawberry tongue” symptom is often associated with | scarlett fever |
| Strep throat is caused by which of the following organisms? | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae is a | gram-negative, encapsulated bacillus |
| The formation of a “fungus ball” within preexisting cavities is a common development in | pulmonary aspergillosis |
| Which of the following cannot be and should not be treated with antibiotics? | common cold |
| All of the following are components of the gastrointestinal tract except the | spleen |
| Many peptic ulcers are due to | Helicobacter pylori |
| Bacillary dysentery is also called | shigellosis |
| The most common cause of infectious diarrhea in infants and children is | rotaviruses |
| (+) ssRNA viruses that have been isolated from birds, cats, dogs, pigs, sheep, cows, and humans and are a major cause of gastroenteritis are the | caliciviruses |
| The human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis lives in the __________ of humans. | rectum |
| Giardiasis is a waterborne gastrointestinal disease caused by Giardia intestinalis, which is a | protozoan |
| Cholera is a serious gastrointestinal illness caused by bacteria of the genus | vibrio |
| Botulism is a disease caused by the production of a potent neurotoxin by bacteria of the genus | clostridium |
| A microbial biofilm that can form on the enamel surface of teeth and often causes tooth decay and/or periodontal problems is referred to as______ __________. | gingivitis |
| An inflammation of the brain is called_________ | encephalitis |
| To prevent meningitis, routine vaccination in the United States is provided against______________ | Haemophilus influenzae |
| Meningococcal meningitis is caused by________ | Neisseria meningitidis |
| In bacterial meningitis, some antibiotics are prevented from reaching the infection due to | blood brain barrier |
| Toxoplasmosis is caused by the organism Toxoplasma gondii, which is a___________ | protozoan |
| The toxic condition caused by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood is referred to as_____ | septicemia |
| When microorganisms enter the circulatory system through the lymphatic drainage and cause an infection, the condition is called__________________ | microbemia |
| Malaria is caused by a _________ | protozoan |
| Which of the following is the causative agent for fungal meningitis, mostly in immunocompromised patients? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| The term used to describe an inflammation of the saclike membrane surrounding the heart is ________________ | perocarditis |
| The primary bacterium responsible for most UTIs is _______ | Escherichia coli |
| The urinary tract infection involving infection of the urinary bladder is called __________ | cystitis |
| The presence of bacteria in the urine is called | bacteriuria |
| The most common fungus causing urinary tract infections is | candida albicans |
| Two parasites that cause urinary tract infections are | Schistosoma haematobium and Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for nonsexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system include | Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Staphylococcus aureus |
| The normal flora present in the healthy male reproductive system is best characterized as | sterile, no normal flora |
| Factors that can increase the chances of vaginitis are | use of antibiotics, pregnancy, and menopause |
| The drug most often used in fighting protozoan infections of the reproductive system is | metronidazole |
| One of the defense mechanisms in place in the organs/tissues of the reproductive tract that prevent microbial infection includes | acidic PH |
Created by:
caraquintana0215