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Alcohols
AQA A Level Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an alcohol? | An organic compound with an -OH group |
| Draw the structure of the first three alcohols | Methanol, ethanol and propanol |
| Name a given alcohol, diol or triol | |
| What are the physical properties of alcohols? | Relatively high mp and bp, miscible with water |
| Explain the physical properties of alcohols | OH group leads to hydrogen bonding |
| What are the two methods for production of ethanol? | Fermentation of glucose, hydration of ethene |
| What are the conditions for the production of ethanol from ethene? | Heat, sulphuric acid catalyst, water |
| What conditions are necessary for the fermentation of glucose? | Compromise temperature of 35°C, enzymes, sealed vessel |
| Give two advantages of production of ethanol from glucose | Low tech required, renewable, potentially carbon neutral |
| Give three disadvantages of production of ethanol from glucose | Slow, Low yield, Significant land use, Has to be distilled, Labour intensive |
| How is ethanol extracted after fermentation of glucose? | Fractional distillation |
| Give two advantages of production of ethanol from ethene | Fast reaction, Pure product, Continuous process, Low on manpower, High yield, 100% alcohol |
| Give three disadvantages of production of ethanol from ethene | High technology, Non-renewable source, Expensive equipment |
| Write a balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of a given alcohol | |
| What is a dehydration of an alcohol reaction? | One where water is eliminated from an alcohol |
| What is the product of a dehydration of an alcohol reaction | An alkene |
| What conditions are necessary for dehydration of an alcohol | Conc. phosphoric/sulphuric acid catalyst, heat and reflux |
| Draw a mechanism for the acid catalyzed dehydration of a given alcohol | |
| What is the advantage of dehydrating alcohols to form alkenes? | Alkenes can be used as chemical feedstock without using crude oil |
| What is an oxidation reaction in organic chemistry? | A reaction where oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed from a compound |
| What can primary alcohols be oxidized to? | Aldehydes and carboxylic acids |
| What can secondary alcohols be oxidized to? | Ketones |
| What can tertiary alcohols be oxidized to? | Nothing |
| How is oxidation symbolized in an equation? | [O] |
| What reagent is used for the oxidation of alcohols? | Acidified potassium dichromate |
| What colour change is observed in the oxidation of alcohols? | Acidified potassium dichromate turns green from orange |
| Which experimental method is used to convert alcohols to carboxylic acids? | Reflux |
| Which experimental method is used to convert alcohols to aldehyde | Distillation |
| Which chemical tests can distinguish between aldehydes and ketones? | Tollens's reagent or Fehling's solution |
| What is observed when Tollens' reagent is added to aldehydes? | Silver mirror |
| What is observed when Fehling's solution is added to aldehydes? | Orange precipitate |
Created by:
davenantchemistry
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