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Exam 3
Ch. 7,8,9 info
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | the ability to do work or produce heat |
| Electrical Energy | kinetic energy associated with the flow of electrical charge |
| Heat or Thermal Energy | random kinetic energy associated with molecular motion |
| Light or Radiant Energy | kinetic energy associated with electron transitions in an atom |
| Nuclear Energy | potential energy in the nucleus of atoms |
| Chemical Energy | potential energy in the attachment of atoms or because of their position |
| Thermal Equilibrium | heat flows from warmer to cooler object and continues until both have the same thermal energy |
| Heat | energy transfers which raise the temperature of the atoms and molecules |
| Work | energy transfers which moves atoms and molecules in an organized way |
| Exothermic | heat is produced/emitted |
| Endothermic | heat is absorbed |
| Thermodynamics | study of energy |
| Magnitude | amount of energy |
| calorie | amount of energy required to raise 1 mL of water to 1C |
| Temperature | directly related to the average speed of a single particle in a substance (depends on energy not amount of a substance) |
| Heat | can flow object to object and depends on energy/number of the particles |
| Heat Capacity | amount of heat a substance must absorb to raise its temperature 1C and is not dependent on amount |
| Specific heat | heat capacity of 1 g of a substance and is dependent on amount |
| Hydrogen Emission Spectrum | model of the atom that addresses the location and behavior of the electrons in an atom |
| Bohr Model | addresses how atoms gain and lose energy with movement of electrons |
| Ground State | lowest energy state of electrons n=1 |
| Excited State | electron leaps to a higher energy orbit due to gained energy |
| Quantum Mechanical Model | result of statistical probability maps |
| Pauli Exclusion Principle | no orbital can have more than 2 electrons and electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins |
| Aufbau Principle | electrons are added to atoms from the lowest energy state possible |
| Hund's Rule | when filling orbitals that have the same energy, place one electron in each before completing pairs |
| Bond | force that hold two or more atoms together and makes them function as a unit |
| Bond Energy | energy required to break a bond |
| Ionic Bond | formed by the attraction of a cation with an anion and involves the transfer of electrons from metals to nonmetals |
| Covalent Bond | formed when electrons are shared between 2+ nonmetals |
Created by:
Izzy Marie
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